??Al?????.?????????

1
???
??????
2
???? ??Al?????.????????? ??????
??Al2O3 ? Al(OH)3???,????????????????????????????
??????????,??????? 1. Al3 ?AlO2-???????? 2. Al?
Al2O3 ? Al(OH)3??? 3. Mg2?Al3?????? 4.?????????
??????
3
??????? 1.???????????????? 2.?????????? (1)?????
?????? (2)??????,????????? (3)??????,?????????????
????????? (4)??????????,????????????
???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
???? 3.??????????????????
4
(04?26)?????????,???????????,??????????????????,??
????????,?? Zn(NH3)42 ? ?????? (1)????????????,?
?????????? ? (??????)? (2)??????????????
???? ? (3)??????????,????????????????
? ? ???????? ? ?????? ?
???????? ? ?????? (4)?????????????????
? ? ??????????????????????????????
?
5
(1) AlO2- ?Al(OH) 4 - (2)Zn2NaOHNa2ZnO2H2 ?
Zn2NaOH2H2ONa2Zn(OH)4H2 (3)??? (4)Al
33NH3.H2O Al(OH)3?3NH4 ?????????????
Zn(OH)2????????,?? Zn(NH3)42 ,?????????
6
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????,?????????,???????????????
,????????????
7
?????????? 1.??????????
2.???????????? 3.????????
4.???????????????? ????? 1.??????????
2.???????????? 3.????????
4.??????????
8
???????? 1.???????????(???????????????????) 2.??
????,????????? 3.??????,?????????????????????? 4.?
????????? ?????????????
9
?0.46g??0.81g??????????,????????????( )
A.224 ml B. 627 ml C.896 ml D.
1008ml ?a mol????a mol????????m???,????????????
?g/mL,?????????????? ????????????????????
?????,?????1.75???,???????3.5mol/L??100mL????,????
?????????,????????????????????( A) A. 12 B.
21 C. 32 D.23
10
??????,??????????Al?A12O3?Al(OH)3? (Zn? ZnO?
Zn(OH )2) ????????????????? ?????????????????????
??? Al? Zn??????
11
?????
Al2O3 (?????? )????????
???? Al2O36H2Al33H2O
???? Al2O32OH-2AlO2- H2O
ZnO????????
???? ZnO 2H2Zn2H2O
???? ZnO 2OH-ZnO22-H2O
12
?????? Al(OH)3 ????????????????,????
??????,?????Al(OH)3? ????Al(OH)3 3H Al3
3H2O ???? Al(OH)3 OH- AlO2- 2H2O Zn(OH)2
?????????????,??????????,????????,????Zn(OH)2? ???
?Zn(OH)2 2H Zn2 2H2O ???? Zn(OH)2
2OH- ZnO22- 2H2O
13
(??(?)04-8)???????????????????,???????????????????
??,??????HCl?NaOH???????(C) A.11 B.21
C.31 D.13 (??(?)04-16)???????????,??????
?,????????(C) A.??? B.??? C.???
D.???? ??????????????????,???????????????
????????????,????????????????????,????????????????
????????????????????? (A) A.41
B.21 C.31 D.11
14
????? ?Al2O3,?Mg(OH)2,?Al(OH)3,?NH4Cl, ?NaHCO3,?A
lCl3, ??????????,???NaOH??????(D) A.???
B.???? C.???? D.???? ?????????????,????4?,????
????????,?????,????????
(A) A.3 molL-1 HCl B.4 molL-1 HNO3
C.8 molL-1 NaOH D.18 molL-1 H2SO4
15
?? 1.????????,????????? 2.A?B???????????(????????
) 3.?????????Al(OH)3????????????????
4.?????Al(OH)3????????
16
????????,?????????,?????????????(AB)
A.KOH?Al2(SO4)3 B.?HCl?Na2CO3
C.CaCl2?Na2CO3 D.Ba(OH)2?NaHSO4 ??????,
??????????????????????????? ??(???)?NaAlO2
? AlCl3?NaOH ? Na2CO3 ? HCl ?
AgNO3?NH3H2O ??
17
??????,???????????????? (C) A.AlCl3?NaOH
B.NaAlO2?HNO3 C.AgNO3?NaCl D.AgNO3?NH3H2O
18
??????????____???????
(1) AlCl33NH3.H2O ?Al(OH)3?3NH4Cl
(2) AlO2-??CO2??
NaAlO2 CO2 2H2O Al(OH)3? NaHCO3 AlO2-
CO2 2H2O Al(OH)3? HCO3-
(????CO2?????Na2CO3)
(3) ?????????????
3NaAlO2AlCl36H2O4Al(OH)3?3NaCl 3AlO2- Al3
6H2O4Al(OH)3?
????H2OAlO2- HCO3 - Al(OH)3?CO32-
????????,???AlO2-??Al(OH)3?????????,???????H2O
????,??Al(OH)3????????????
19
????????????????????????????????????????100,
?????????????????? ?????? 1.?
??? ???? 2.? ????
???? 3.? ????
???? ??? ???? ????
?????2??????????????????????,????? ???????????
????????????????????????,??????????????????????
????????????,????????????????
20
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21
1.??????????????? ?? 2.??Al3 ?AlO2- ?
Al(OH)3??????????????? ??3?4?5?1mol?????3mol????
???????,??4mol????????????????????6?7?8???,??????
?????
22
Al? Al3?Al(OH)3?AlO2-??????????
?????????,???????????
???????????????????
23
??,?Zn2?????????,??Zn(OH)2??? ????????,?????
,???Zn(NH3)42.??, Zn(OH)2??????,??????NaOH???,??
ZnO22- ,??Zn(OH)2?????????. ??4???,???2??????????1
???,???????????????? (A)??(B)??(C)??(D)??????(E)?
? (????????)?????
24
???????????????,??????????????????????,????????
???????????????????????????????????????????????,??
????????????????
25
Al3 ?AlO2- ???,????????? Al2O3 ???
Mg2?Al3 ?????? ??????????????????? ?????????
?? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????
??
26
?pH2????,??????????????(A ) A.K?Ba2?Cl-?NO3-
B.Ca2?Al3?HCO3-?Cl- C.Na?AlO2-?OH-?SO42-
D.H?NH4?ClO-?S2-? ??????????????,????????,
???????? (CD) A.K ?NH4? Cl- ?NO3- B.K?
Na?Cl-?HCO3- C.K?NH4?Cl-?SO42- D.K?
CO32-?Cl-? SO32- ??????????Al??,??H2???????
?Mg2?Cu2?Ba2?H?Ag?SO42-? OH-?
CO32-?HCO3-?NO3-, ?????????????? ???Al3?,????
________________ ???AlO2-?,????________________

H?Mg2?SO42-
OH-?Ba2?NO3-
27
??????? Al2O3?Fe2O3?SiO2
?
Fe(OH)3
Fe2O3
Al2O3 Fe2O3 SiO2
FeCl3 AlCl3
NaOH
HCl
CO2
NaAlO2
Al(OH)3
?
SiO2
Al2O3
28
?????????????????????? NaCl?MgCl2?AlCl3?FeCl3
?FeCl2?CuCl2 ?AgNO3 ?4.08g????,??400ml 1.2
mol /L????,??????,???3 mol /L???????,??????????,??
???????????__________mL
( NaOH )
(160mL)
29
?? ????? ??




?AlCl3?????NaOH?????
Al3 3OH- Al(OH)3?
Al(OH)3 OH- AlO2- 2H2O
?NaOH????? AlCl3?????
Al3 4OH- AlO2- 2H2O
Al3 3AlO2- 6H2O 4Al(OH)3?
?NaAlO2????? ??????
AlO2- H H2O Al(OH)3?
Al(OH)3 3H Al3 3H2O
????????? NaAlO2???
AlO2- 4H Al3 H2O
Al3 3AlO2- 6H2O 4Al(OH)3?
30
(1) ????????Fe2?Cu2?NH4?Mg2?Al3???????????
???,???????????????,?????????????,???????????
??????????????? __________________,?????????_____
__________,????????? _________________ ?
Mg2?Al3?NH4
Mg2?Al3?NH4 113
31

• ??????????100mL3 molL-1??????????,???????????
  ????,?????????????????? 12,?????????
  (A)
• A.5.4g B.3.6g C.2.7g D.1.8g
• ???????????????n mol NaOH???,?????????????
  ???A g???A g??,??????,?????,??????????? ( C )
• Agt27n B. Alt14n
• C. 14nltAlt27n D. A27n

32
?????????Al3 ?Fe3?Fe2 ? Ag ?Ca2?Ba2
?NH4 ???,???????(????????????????)
D
?????? (1)???????Ca2?Ba2??,????? (2)????D???? (3
)?????D????E?????????
33
???? (1)??Ba2?Ca2??????????BaSO4????,CaSO4????
(2)Fe(OH)3 (3) AlO2- CO2 2H2O Al(OH)3?
HCO3-
34
(1999???????)????????????????????,???????????
(1)??F?_________(2)???E??G??????(??????)________
_(3)??I????????_________(4)?C?EF?????,???????
??(????)_________?
35
(1)H2(2)4Fe2 8NH3H2OO22H2O
4Fe(OH)3?8NH4 ?Fe2
2NH3H2O(OH)2?2NH4 4Fe(OH)2O22H2O(OH)3(3
)Al3?Na(4)H2SO4?HNO3
36
(2000???)29.????A,??KAl(SO4)2?Al2O3?Fe2O3,????????
?????????????
???? (1)??B?????????
(2)??E?????????
(3)?????????? ?
37
(1)Al2O3 (2)(NH4)2SO4 ?K2SO4
(3) AlO2- CO2 2H2O Al(OH)3? HCO3-
38
????A?B?C?D?E?????Al3 ?Fe3?Ag ?Ba2
?Na????? Cl-?CO32- ?NO3- ? SO42-
?OH-???(????)???????C???????,?????????A?E????,??0
.1mol?L-1?A???PH???13???B??????????????,?????????D
?????Ba(NO3)2??,?????? ???????????????????????????
??? A________B______ C_________
D________E________?
AgNO3
Fe2(SO4)3
AlCl3
Na2CO3
Ba(OH)2
39
1998?27?
??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
????????????800?????100?????????????????????????(
??1.19?/??)????????????
40
???????(?????????,??????????100??) (1)????????,???
?????(????????????) (2)?????????????
41
???????

• ??????????,?????,?178??????????????????????,??????
  ??????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• ????????????,?????????????????????

42
(No Transcript)
43
??? 1)?????,?????A??????,??????????,???????????,
??? _? 2)A?????????????_ ?
3)?E???????????,???? ? 4)?A???????????B,C??
?????D?,????????????_ ? 5)F???????? _
? 6)??????????????????,???????????______
44
???? (1)????????????? (2)2H2SO4(?)2NaClMnO2Na2
SO4MnSO4Cl2?2H2O (3)???AlCl3????,?E??????
(4)?????HCl??????Cl2????D?,??????H2,H2?Cl2???????
??,????AlCl3??????? (5)?????????Cl2,????????????
?,?????????????D?,?AlCl3??? (6)AlCl33H2OAl(OH)3
3HCl?
45
(??(?)03-30)????????????????????????????????Al2O3
N23C2AlN3CO???????,???????????????????????????
?????,????????? (1)??10.00g??,???????NaOH????????
?,AlN?NaOH??????NaAlO2,?????3.36L(????)? ?????????
??? AlNNaOHH2O?NaAlO2NH3? ??????A1N??????
61.5 ? (2)??10.00g????????,??2.016L(????)O2,???
??????????????1.34gL-1(????????,AIN??O2??)???????
?? 1.92 g?
46
??????????
? ? ? ?
47
????