DISEASE

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DISEASE

• An abnormal or malfunctioning condition in the
  body.
• When the body is unable to cope with, adapt to,
  or fight off injury, infection, stress, or any
  other environmental situation.

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INFECTIOUS DISEASES

• Also called COMMUNICABLE diseases
• Caused by PATHOGENS
• Can be passed from person to person
• Name some examples.

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TYPES OF PATHOGENSBacteria

• Bacteria is a one celled organism
• Bacterial infections can be treated with
  ANTIBIOTICS
• Some bacteria is needed and good for our body to
  function normally

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Bacteria good for you???

• Probiotics
• Over 400 species found in the walls of the
  stomach and intestines
• Some bacteria that are found in yogurt that are
  beneficial to our bodies
• 2 points extra creditfind me the name of two
  bacteria in yogurt

• In the intestine there are 10 to the power 14
  bacteria (that's 1000,000,000,000,000 bacteria -
  a million billion bacteria).
• The gut does not replace these bacteria and can
  easily be flushed out of the digestive tract.

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VIRUSES

• Smallest of all the pathogens
• Needs a living host
• The viruss genetic material directs the cell to
  produce more of the virusmultiplies.
• Examples of Viruses..
• Colds, flu, measles, ebola, herpes, hepatitis,
  HPV, rabies, HIV

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Flu Attack How a Virus Invades Your Body
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FUNGUS

• Plant-like organism that feeds off a host.
• The reproductive cell, or spore, of a fungus can
  be spread by direct contact, air, and water.
• Examples are
• Athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, nail
  fungus..

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Keep Your Feet Amazing!!
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PROTISTS

• One celled organisms
• Common in tropical countries
• Panama Canal and Malaria
• French 1st
• United States 2nd
• DDT

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PARASITES

• Organisms that live by feeding on or in another
  animal
• Pinworm Enter your body when eggs are swallowed.
  
• Hookworm You can get hookworms by walking
  barefoot over contaminated (fecal) soil.
• Body/Head/Pubic Lice
• Food borne diseases
• Scabies (Mite Infestation)

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• Between 1900- 1920
• Tape Worms were
• all the rage!
• They were packaged
• and then ingested for
• a quick diet fix.
• YIKES!!!!

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Monsters inside me Flesh Eating Hook Worms
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Monsters Inside Me Bot Fly Invasion
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NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES

• Also called Non-Communicable Diseases
• Caused by genetics, diet, lifestyle, or by
  chance.
• Name some examples of
• NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES

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How to spread Infectious Diseases?

• Through the AIR
• Foods that are contaminated
• Direct contact
• Blood to Blood
• Animal Bites vector-carrier
• Indirect contact (needles)

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How does the body fight infectious diseases?

• Structural Defenses The bodys first form of
  defense.
• Examples
• Skin, cilia, mucous membranes, and tonsils.

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• Cellular Defenses
• Designed to attack foreign invaders
• Examples
• White blood cells (phagocytes) fever/inflammations
  

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• Immune System Takes over when the WBCs and
  fever are overwhelmed.
• The lymph nodes produce 2 types of cells
• T-cells and B-cells

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T-Cells 3 TYPES

• Helper T-cells
• Start immune response, triggered by phagocytes.
• Killer T-cells
• Divide and destroy invaders
• Suppressors
• Turn off the immune system
• Helper T-cells Killer T-cells
  Suppressor Cells

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B-CELLS

• Produce antibodies which stick to a pathogen and
  make it difficult to attack a body cell
• ANTIBODY Proteins in the blood that produce
  reactions against pathogens

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• VACCINATIONS
• Small doses of the disease to force the body to
  produce antibodies.

• ANTIBIOTICS
• Medicines that are used to fight disease causing
  bacteria

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Hepatitis Causes serious liver damage

• Type A Caused from food contaminated by fecal
  material (usually cleared up in 4-8 weeks)
• Type B Spread by blood, semen, saliva, body
  fluids. No cure.
• Type C Spread through blood exchange. No cure

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HIV and AIDS

• HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• WHAT IS IT?
• A complex syndrome in which HIV invades the
  T-cells, takes over the nucleus, then divides. It
  divides into 2 more HIV and 1 less T-cell.
  Without the T-cells the body cant fight
  infections.

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What body fluids?

• Semen
• Vaginal Secretions
• Blood
• Breast Milk

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How is HIV spread?

• Unprotected sex with an infected person
• Vaginal, Oral, Anal
• Mother to child
• Needles (IV intravenously)
• Blood to Blood
• Needles (IM intramuscular)

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• CARRIER
• A person who tests positive for HIV but shows no
  signs or symptoms of the disease

• INCUBATION
• The period of time between exposure to a disease
  and the onset of symptoms

Opportunistic diseases Pneumocystic Carini
Pneumonia (PCP) Karposes Sarcoma Tuberculosis
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Your task is to investigate a STD
• All of the information you find you will transfer
  to a poster/pamphlet and present to the class as
  experts on your topic
• Information must include
• What is it? What is it caused by?
• What are symptoms for Men and Women?
• How is it spread?
• How is it diagnosed?
• Treatments? Cures?
• Places to get help? Three other facts?

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Non-Infectious Diseases

• Non-infectious diseases can come from
• HEREDITY Caused by a defective gene passed from
  one or both parents to child.

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Common Hereditary Diseases

• Sickle Cell Anemia Deformed RBCs
• Cystic Fibrosis A very thick mucus builds up in
  the lungs and digestive tract
• Hemophilia Blood does not clot well (males)
• Diabetes Insulin is either lacking or not being
  used properly
• Type I (Juvenile/ Childhood)
• Type II (Adult/Late Onset)

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TYPE II Diabetes(Late Onset)

• The body produces insulin but the body does not
  use it properly
• Causes
• Poor Diet
• Lack of exercise
• Obesity
• Treatments
• Proper healthy diet
• Exercise
• Weight loss

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TYPE I Diabetes(Juvenile)

• Caused by an attack on the pancreas
• (Isles of Langerhans)
• Little to no insulin is made by this organ.
• What happens when there is no insulin?
• AboutKidsHealth Diabetes An Overview of Insulin

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Congenital Diseases

• Present from birth,
• but is NOT inherited!!!
• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
• Cerebral Palsy Brain damage that causes
  paralysis cant control muscles
• Epilepsy Electrical activity in the brain
  becomes abnormal for short periods of time.

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Auto immune Diseases

• A persons own immune system attacks itself
  damaging organs
• Examples
• Type I Diabetes
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

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Degenerative Diseases

• A disease that results from gradual damage over
  time
• Cardiovascular Disease Progressive damage to the
  heart and blood vessels
• Atherosclerosis
• Hypertension
• Heart Attack
• Stroke

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Images of Atherosclerosis
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Images of a Heart Attack
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STROKES
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CANCER

• Cells that have undergone a rapid, uncontrolled
  growth. These cells invade and destroy other
  tissue.

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Two Types of Tumors

• Benign
• Usually harmless.
• Does not metastasize.

• Malignant
• Uncontrolled growth
• May metastasize.

Metastasize Spread through the body as in Cancer
Cells
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• Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A sore that doesnt heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge
• Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere
• Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• Obvious change in a wart or mole
• Nagging cough or hoarseness

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Ways to treat CANCER

• Surgery Removal of the cancerous tissue
• Radiation Therapy Exposing the cancerous tissue
  to X-rays
• Chemotherapy Powerful drugs used to destroy
  cells or slow growth. Also used when the cells
  have metastasized.

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BIOPSY

• A tiny tissue sample is taken from the growth
  and examined under a microscope to detect
  cancerous cells

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CarcinogensCancer Causing Agents
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HOW TO PREVENT CANCER

• See last page in packet!!