What Really Happened

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Nativism Chinese Exclusion act

• What Really Happened

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1882 Chinese Exclusion Act passed

• Stopped Chinese
• immigration

• Chinese couldnt become
• citizens

• Renewed until WWII

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1894 Immigration Restriction League

• Nativists wanted literacy tests
• (required immigrants to read and
• write)

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1902 Gentlemens Agreement with Japan

• Japanese workers not allowed in U.S.

Signing the Agreement
Japanese immigrants had replaced Chinese were
strong in agriculture
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1913 Alien Land Act

• Asians in CA couldnt own agriculture
• land

Election Poster for Supporter ofAlien Land Act
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RECENT IMMIGRATION

• 1914 - TODAY

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Learning Targets

• Understand and describe the main trends of recent
  immigration.
• Summarize recent immigration trends.
• Compare and contrast historical immigration
  trends with recent immigration trends.

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1914 1965 LIMITING IMMIGRATION

• 1. 1914-1918 WWI
• strong anti-immigrant feelings
• literacy tests required in 1917

Anti-German Riot in U.S. 1915
Led to Americanization
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1914 1965 LIMITING IMMIGRATION

• 2. 1924 National
• Origins Act
• law that
• discriminated
• against S E
• Europeans

• 165,000 per year vs. 350,000 in 1921
• Took 2 from 1890 (Germany 51,000, Italy 4,000,
  Egypt 100)
• Italy went from 42, 058 to 3, 845

America must be kept for Americans! Pres.
Coolidge
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1914 1965 LIMITING IMMIGRATION
3. 1925 KKK reaches 5 million

• KKK Growth
• 1920- 5,000
• 1925- 5 million

KKK March in D.C. in 1925
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1914 1965 LIMITING IMMIGRATION
4. 1930s -1945 low immigration due to
Depression WWII
500,000 Mexican workers deported due to
worries about jobs.
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1914 1965 LIMITING IMMIGRATION

• 5. 1948 Displaced Persons Act
• allowed homeless of WWII to immigrate to U.S.

400,000 Jewish survivors and refuges arrive in
U.S.
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1960s REFORMING IMMIGRATION LAWS

• 1960s quotas questioned are they fair?
• 1965 Immigration Act
• Set annual limits for ALL countries to
• make laws fair

170,000 Eastern Hemisphere 120,000 Western
Hemisphere
Johnson signs at Liberty Island
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REACTIONS TO 1965 IMMIGRATION ACT
Opponent of the bill "We estimate that if the
President gets his way, and the current
immigration laws are repealed, the number of
immigrants next year will increase threefold and
in subsequent years will increase even more ...
shall we, instead, look at this situation
realistically and begin solving our own
unemployment problems before we start tackling
the world's?" Republican Vice Presidential
candidate Rep. William E. Miller of NY The New
York Times, Sept. 8, 1964, p. 14
Supporters of the bill "With the end of
discrimination due to place of birth, there will
be shifts in countries other than those of
northern and western Europe. Immigrants from Asia
and Africa will have to compete and qualify in
order to get in, quantitatively and
qualitatively, which, itself will hold the
numbers down. There will not be, comparatively,
many Asians or Africans entering this country.
...Since the people of Africa and Asia have very
few relatives here, comparatively few could
immigrate from those countries because they have
no family ties in the U.S." Democratic Rep.
Emanuel Celler of NY Congressional Record, Aug.
25, 1965, p. 21812
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1965-TODAY REFUGEES INCREASE

• 1. Refugee Someone who flees a country b/c of
  persecution
• 2. 1980 Refugee Act
• President can admit
• refugees in an
• emergency

Vietnamese Refugee quote, "It was horrible.
Because the first time when we... First time it
was seven days and we met seven times Thai
pirates. And they jump onto the boats with all
kinds of knives and axes and everything. So they
took everything, whatever we bring along. Gold,
money, but luckily they did not kill anyone."
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1965-TODAY ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION INCREASES

• Illegal Immigrants enter the U.S. w/o govt
  approval
• i.e. Mexicans crossing the border

In Mexico, make 3 a day vs. 10 in U.S.
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1965-TODAY ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION INCREASES

• 2. 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act
• penalties on employers who hire illegal
  immigrants little impact

• Fines
• 100 - 1, 100 per individual for
• illegal
• 250 - 11,000 per violations for
• continuing to employ illegals
• 3,000 for perpetual violators and
• up to 6 mths in prison

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1965-TODAY ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION INCREASES

• 3. 1996 Immigration Act
• doubled border control forces added
• fences

U.S. Mexican Border in New Mexico
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Differences Similarities
Differences

REFLECTION

Historical Recent Immigration Immi
gration
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IMMIGRATION TODAY

• 2003 Department of Homeland Security
• in response to 9/11

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IMMIGRATION ISSUES TODAY

• 1. Legal
• preference to family and skilled workers
• long wait time
• 2. Refugees
• need more spots
• can be sent back
• 3. Illegal
• U.S. security/border control
• estimated 10 million