The Human Genome

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The Human Genome

• Ch. 14

2
Human Chromosomes

• Karyotype how chromosomes are arranged in pairs
  
• Humans have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
• The 23rd pair are the sex chromosomes
• XY male
• XX female
• The other 22 pair are called autosomes

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Human Traits

• Pedigrees are a chart that shows the
  relationships within a family as it relates to a
  certain trait
• Circle female
• Square male

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Autosomal Disorders

• Caused by
• Recessive alleles
• Cystic fibrosis
• Dominant alleles
• Achondroplasia
• Codominant alleles
• Sickle cell disease

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Sex-linked Genes

• Colorblindness
• Hemophilia
• Duchene Muscular Dystrophy
• Males have just 1 X chromosome so all sex
  linked alleles are expressed in males even if
  they are recessive

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Chromosomal Disorders

• Nondisjunction chromosomes dont separate
  correctly
• Down syndrome
• 3 copies of the 21st chromosome