Acid-Base Reactions

1
Acid-Base Reactions

• A Basic Introduction

2
Acids

• Ionize in aqueous solutions to form H ions
• Memorize the 7 strong acids (completely ionize,
  never write as complete formula)
• All other acids are weak and you write as the
  complete formula, not ions

3
Bases

• Substances that react with H ions
• Memorize 8 strong acids (completely ionize)
• All others are weak and do not completely ionize,
  write as complete formulas

4
Neutralization

• Reaction that occurs when acid and base solutions
  are mixed to produce water and a salt
• H2SO4 Ca(OH)2 ? CaSO4 2H2O
• Strong acids and bases and salts would be
  ionized, so the net ionic looks like
• 2H 2OH- ? 2H2O

5
Weird Acid-Base Reactions

• When ionic compounds containing carbonate,
  sulfite, or sulfide ions react with an acid a gas
  is released
• CO2 from carbonate
• SO2 from sulfite
• H2S from sulfide

6
More weirdness

• Nonmetal oxides are acidic and react with bases
• SO2 2NaOH ? Na2SO3 H2O
• Metal oxides are basic and react with acids
• Na2O 2HCl ? 2NaCl H2O

7
Really weird

• If you are having trouble figuring out the
  products, try adding a water to the nonmetal /or
  metal oxide
• SO2 MgO ? MgSO3
• Add a water to each reactant
• H2SO3 Mg(OH)2 ? 2H2O MgSO3
• Now cancel out 2 waters on each side and you have
  your reaction.

8
Practice

• Gaseous hydrogen chloride is bubbled through a
  solution of sodium hydroxide.
• Aqueous potassium hydroxide is mixed with a
  solution of acetic acid.
• Calcium hydrogen carbonate solid is added to an
  aqueous solution of acetic acid.
• Aqueous nitric acid reacts with solid lithium
  sulfite.
• Sulfuric acid solution is added to solid aluminum
  oxide.
• Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through aqueous
  sodium hydroxide.

9
Gaseous hydrogen chloride is bubbled through a
solution of sodium hydroxide.
10
Aqueous potassium hydroxide is mixed with a
solution of acetic acid.
11
Calcium hydrogen carbonate solid is added to an
aqueous solution of acetic acid.
12
Aqueous nitric acid reacts with solid lithium
sulfite.
13
Sulfuric acid solution is added to solid aluminum
oxide.
14
Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through aqueous
sodium hydroxide.