http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=NUR3103

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• http//www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx
  ?IDNUR3103
• Hormone game show

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The Endocrine System

• The Second Control System of the Body

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I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Function

• A. The Endocrine system helps to coordinate and
  control the activities of our bodys cells. This
  system is usually working closely with the
  Nervous System.
• 1. The Endocrine system is not built for speed
  like the nervous system is but is still able to
  cause major physiological changes and maintain
  homeostasis within the body.

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I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Function

• B. The Chemistry of Hormones
• 2. Hormones are the chemical force of the
  endocrine system. They are the messengers
  released by glands that cause changes within the
  body. Ex. Growth, reproduction, homeostasis and
  metabolism.

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I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Function

• 3. All hormones can be classified as amino acid
  based or steroid.
• A. Amino acid based hormone are proteins,
  peptides and amines. (most hormones are amino
  acid based)
• B. Steroid hormones are made from cholesterol
  (ex. Testosterone, progesterone, aldosterone)
• C. Protaglandins are made from lipids

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I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Function

• C. Mechanisms of Hormone Action
• 4. Hormones affect only certain tissues or
  organs (target cells or organs)
• 5. Steroid hormones diffuse into the target cell
  and activate protein synthesis. This explains
  how birth control and patches work, but an
  insulin patch would not be effective because it
  is an amino acid hormone.

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I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Function

• 6. Amino acid hormones bind to a receptor on the
  target cell and sets off a series of reactions
  inside the cell.
• 7. Hormones cause one of the four changes
  changes in the plasma membrane electrical state,
  synthesis of proteins, activation or deactivation
  of enzymes, or stimulation of mitosis.

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I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Function

• D. Control of Hormone Release
• 1. Hormone levels in the blood are maintained by
  negative feedback mechanisms. For example You
  eat a candy bar at lunch -gt your blood sugar
  levels rise -gt cells of the pancreas are
  activated and release insulin into the blood -gt
  body cells are triggered by insulin to take up
  glucose -gt blood glucose levels decline -gt
  pancreas stops releasing insulin

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I. The Endocrine System and Hormone Function

• 2. There are three ways that endocrine glands
  can be activated
• A. Hormonal- activation from other hormones
• B. Humoral- activation by changing blood levels
  of certain ions (like calcium)
• C. Neural- activation by nerve impulses

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Control Pathways and Feedback Loops
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• Complete the hormone chart by using your
  textbook and iPad if needed.
• The function of the hormone is filled out for
  you, you need to Identify the hormone name, and
  for some there is a blank for a HYPO or HYPER
  secretion of that hormone- identify the
  disease
• Disorders and Related Terminology
• 1. acromegaly
• 2. Addisons disease
• 3. Cushings syndrome
• 4. diabetes mellitus
• 5. dwarfism
• 6. exophthalmos
• 7. gigantism
• 8. goiter

9. glycosuria 10. hyperglycemia 11.
hyperthyroidism 12. hypoglycemia 13.
hypothyroidism 14. polydipsia 15. polyphagia 16.
tetany
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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• A. Pituitary Gland- hangs by a stalk from the
  hypothalamus and has two functional lobes- the
  anterior (glandular tissue) and posterior
  (nervous tissue)
• 1. Hormones of the anterior pituitary include
• A. Growth Hormone- stimulates growth and
  metabolism (acromegaly of feet in picture)
• B. Prolactin- stimulates milk production

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• C. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-
  stimulates production of egg and sperm
• D. Leutinizing Hormone (LH)- stimulates ovaries
  to release egg and testes to produce testosterone
• E. Thyroid Stimulating (TSH)- stimulates
  thyroid gland
• F. Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)- stimulates
  adrenal glands

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• 2. Hormones of the posterior pituitary
• A. Oxytocin- stimulates contractions of the
  uterus during labor
• B. Antidiuretic- decreases urine to increase
  water absorption

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• B. Thyroid Gland- found at the base of the
  throat
• 3. Hormones include
• A. Thyroid hormone- the major metabolic hormone
  (thyroxine or T4, and T3)
• B. Calcitonin- reduces blood calcium levels by
  causing its deposition to bone

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• C. Parathyroid glands- tiny masses on the
  posterior thyroid
• 4. Hormones include
• A. Parathyroid hormone- raises blood calcium by
  stimulating osteoclasts to remove calcium from
  bone

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• D. Adrenal Glands- sit on top of the kidneys
• 5. Hormones include
• A. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine-
  Fight-or-Flight hormones- increase blood
  glucose, increase rate of metabolism, constrict
  certain blood vessels
• Kennedy had Addisons Disease- Hyposecretion of
  adrenal hormones
• Cushings disease- hypersecretion of cortisol
  (adrenal hormone)

Signs and symptoms Signs and symptoms of
Addison's disease usually develop slowly, often
over several months, and may include Muscle
weakness and fatigue Weight loss and decreased
appetite Darkening of your skin
(hyperpigmentation) Low blood pressure, even
fainting Salt craving Low blood sugar
(hypoglycemia) Nausea, diarrhea or vomiting
Irritability Depression
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Other Adrenal gland hormones

• Glucocorticoids (steroid hormones)
• Cortisol- long term stress hormones
• Cushings disease, hypersecretion of cortisol
• Mineralocorticoids- (Steroid hormones)
• Aldosterone- targets kidneys to regulate salt
  content of blood which regulates water balance in
  the body

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Flashcard Warm-up May 6th 17

• Hormones produced by the Pituitary Gland
• Anterior Lobe
• Posterior Lobe

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• E. Pancreas- the Islets of Langerhans Cells
  produce the hormones (alpha cells produce
  glucagon, beta cells produce insulin
• 6. Hormones include
• A. Insulin- to reduce blood sugar (produced by
  beta cells)
• B. Glucagon- to raise blood sugar

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• F. Pineal Gland- found on third ventricle of
  brain
• 7. Hormones include
• Melatonin- helps establish the bodys wake and
  sleep cycles

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• G. Thymus- located posterior to sternum, is
  largest in infants and children and decreases in
  size as we age.
• 8. Hormones include
• Thymosin- matures white blood cells (T cells)

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• H. Testes
• 9. Hormones include
• A. Androgens- support sperm formation and male
  secondary sex characteristics, (growth of muscle
  and bone mass, deepening of the voice, facial
  hair, etc.)
• Examples include Testosterone, which stimulates
  sperm formation

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II. Major Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones

• I. Ovaries
• 10. Hormones include
• A. Estrogen- stimulate uterine lining growth,
  development of female secondary sex
  characteristics
• B. Progesterone- promotes growth of uterine
  lining

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Diabetes- an epidemic!!

• An estimated 23.6 million people in the United
  States 7.8 percent of the populationhave
  diabetes, a serious lifelong condition.
  Of those, 17.9 million have been
  diagnosed, and 5.7 million have not yet been
  diagnosed. In 2007, about 1.6 million people
  ages 20 or older were diagnosed with diabetes.
• 20032006 National Health and Nutrition
  Examination Survey estimates of total
  prevalenceboth diagnosed and undiagnosedwere
  projected to year 2007
• Type I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune disorder
• Type II Adult onset-About 90 to 95 percent of
  people with diabetes have type 2. This form of
  diabetes is most
• often associated with older age, obesity, family
  history of diabetes, previous history of
  gestational diabetes, physical inactivity, and
  certain ethnicities. About 80percent of people
  with type 2 diabetes are overweight.

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• DIABETES MELLITUS
• A chronic disease marked by high levels of
  blood sugar
• Can be caused by too little insulin,
  resistance to insulin or both
• Type I- Juvenile onset
• Type II- Adult-onset, can be prevented with
  lifestyle choices

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Who is STAN?

• Stan is a type 2 Diabetic

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Types of Diabetes

• Type I- Juvenille onset- An autoimmune disorder
• Type II Adult onset-About 90 to 95 percent of
  people with diabetes have type 2. This form of
  diabetes is most often associated with older age,
  obesity, family history of diabetes,previous
  history of gestational diabetes, physical
  inactivity, and certain ethnicities. About 80
  percent of people with type 2 diabetes are
  overweight.

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Diabetes videoYoutube, diabetic rap

• http//video.answers.com/how-diabetes-affects-the-
  body-326720866
• Explains how the body does not responsd to insulin

• http//www.screencast.com/users/CindyKendrick/fold
  ers/Default/media/1cb416ca-ebb9-4ea0-a993-a0f91365
  e98b
• Osmosis screencast

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Hormone Matching

• In groups, match the GLAND picture with the
  HORMONES
• THEN, match the FUNCTION card with the
  HORMONE card
• Let me CHECK your answers when completed