Chapter 17 Checkpoint 1

1
Chapter 17 Checkpoint 1

• 1. The main function of the kidneys is the
  regulation of the intracellular fluid. F
• 2. What structures carry urine from the kidneys
  to the urinary bladder? ureters
• 3. What structure carries urine from the bladder
  to the outside?  urethra
• 4. Damage to which of the following neurons would
  impair micturition? A. parasympathetic
  neurons B. sympathetic neuronsC. pudendal
  somatic motor neurons D. All of the choices are
  correct.
• 5. Which of the following is the correct order of
  the nephron tubule structures? A. distal
  convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, proximal
  convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsuleB. proximal
  convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule, distal
  convoluted tubule, loop of HenleC. Bowman's
  capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of
  Henle, distal convoluted tubuleD. loop of Henle,
  Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule,
  distal convoluted tubule

2
Checkpoint 2

• 1. Which of the following is NOT a potential
  filtration barrier in the glomerular
  capsule? A. glomerular basement
  membrane B. capillary fenestraeC. parietal
  layer of the capsule D. slit diaphragm
• 2. What is the net filtration pressure of the
  glomerular capillaries? A. 10 mm Hg
  inward B. 15 mm Hg outwardC. 15 mm Hg
  inward D. 10 mm Hg outward
• 3. The average glomerular filtration rate is _180
  L/day__.
• 4. The ability of the kidneys to maintain a
  relatively constant GFR despite fluctuating blood
  pressures is called _autoregulation__.
• 5. Hypotension would induce __________ of
  afferent arterioles. A. constriction B. dilation
  C. no change

3
Checkpoint 3

• 1. The minimum urine volume needed to excrete
  metabolic wastes produced by the body is called
  the _obligatory water loss_.
• 2. The return of molecules from the tubules to
  the blood is called _reabsorption_.
• 3. The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs
  approximately 65 of water and ions salt entering
  it. (T/F)
• 4. As the tubular filtrate moves through the
  descending limb of the loop of Henle, the
  osmolality of the filtrate increases. (T/F)
• 5. The __ascending__ limb of the loop of Henle is
  impermeable to water. 
• 6. The _descending__ limb of the loop of Henle is
  impermeable to salt. 

4
Checkpoint 4

• 1. The movement of molecules and ions from the
  peritubular capillaries into interstitial fluid
  and then into the nephron tubule is
  called _secretion__.
• 2. The ability of the kidneys to remove molecules
  from the blood plasma by excreting them in the
  urine is known as A. glomerular
  filtration. B. renal clearance.C. micturition.
  D. reabsorption.
• 3. Renal clearance is decreased by reabsorption
  and increased by secretion. (T/F)
• 4. Inulin clearance is equal to the glomerular
  filtration rate. (T/F)
• 5. The renal plasma clearance of a substance that
  is filtered and secreted is _greater than_ the
  GFR. 

5
Checkpoint 5

• 1. Inhibition of _aldosterone__ secretion from
  the adrenal cortex stimulates hyperkalemia. 
• 2. Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular
  apparatus respond to decreased blood volume and
  increased sympathetic nerve activity by
  secreting _renin__.
• 3. The presence of renin secreting tumors may
  cause A. hypertension.B. increased aldosterone
  secretion.C. increased renal sodium
  reabsorption.D. All of the choices are correct.
• 4. Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex
  is stimulated by a(n) _decrease_ in blood Na or
  a(n) _increase_ in blood K. 
• 5. Bicarbonate must be converted to _carbon
  dioxide_ to move into tubule cells to reduce
  blood pH.  

6
Checkpoint 6

• 1. Hypertension and edema are often treated with
  diuretics. (T/F)
•  2. Loop diuretics such as Lasix A. inhibit the
  actions of ADH.B. add extra solutes to the
  filtrate.C. inhibit active transport of salt
  out of the ascending loop of Henle
  limb.D. inhibit salt transport in the first
  section of the distal tubule.
• 3. Glomerulonephritis may result from destruction
  of the glomerular capillary basement
  membrane. (T/F)
• 4. Renal insufficiency A. stimulates metabolic
  alkalosis.B. often results from
  dialysis.C. may occur as a result of
  arteriosclerosis.D. stimulates hypokalemia.

7
Chapter 20 Checkpoint 1

• 1. Sertoli cells are stimulated by _FSH__, while
  Leydig cells are stimulated by __LH__. 
• 2. The Leydig cells of the testes constitute a
  blood-testis barrier that prevents autoimmune
  destruction of the sperm.  (T/F)
• 3. Sperm are stored and matured in
  the _epididymus_.
• 4. Emission and ejaculation are under
  parasympathetic nerve control.  (T/F)

8
Checkpoint 2

• 1. The corpus luteum secretes both estradiol and
  progesterone. (T/F)
• 2. What is it called when a mature follicle
  ruptures and ejects the oocyte toward the uterine
  tube? __ovulation___
• 3. What hormone triggers ovulation?  LH
• 4. The ___________ phase of the endometrium is
  supported when the ovary is in the luteal
  phase. A. proliferative B. secretoryC. menstru
  al D. ovulatory
• 5. Pheromones are responsible for the dormitory
  effect of synchronized menstrual cycles of
  females living together. (T/F)