Psychology is the scientific study of

1
Psychology is the scientific study of

• A) Behavior
• B) the Psyche
• C) Sex Aggression
• D) Mental Processes
• A) Behavior

2
Which of the following are the goals of
Psychology?

• Describe, manipulate, control, and examine
  behavior
• Describe, explain, predict, and change behavior
• Predict, control, examine and change behavior
• Manipulate, control, explain, and change behavior
• B) describe, explain, predict, and change
  behavior

3
Applied research is conducted to study

• How people apply knowledge in an educational
  setting
• Theoretical questions that may or may not have
  real-world applications
• The goals of psychology
• A specific real-world problem
• D) A specific real-world problem

4
A procedure to ensure that each individual has
the same probability as any other of being in a
given group is called _____.

• Random selection
• Random assignment
• Representative selection
• Representative assignment
• B. Random assignment

5
Only the experiment allows one to investigate
__________.

• Relationships
• Correlations
• Causation
• The goals of psychology
• C) Causation

6
The tendency of experimenters to influence the
results of their experiment in an expected
direction is called ____.

• Experimenter bias
• Control bias
• Observational bias
• Experimental bias
• A) Experimenter bias

7
The experimental group in an experiment is the
group in which the participants _____.

• Do not receive the independent variable
• Receive the dependent variable
• Do not receive the DV
• Receive the IV
• D. Receive the IV

8
The first step in the scientific method is _____.

• Forming a testable hypothesis
• Developing a theory
• Reviewing the literature of existing theories
• Designing a study
• C. Reviewing the literature of existing theories

9
The total of all possible cases from which a
sample is selected is called the __________.

• A) subject pool
• B) population
• C) selection group
• D) control group
• B) population

10
Freuds research is not well supported, mostly
because he used _______ as a method of study.

• A) naturalistic observation
• B) case study
• C) correlation
• D) surveys and questionnaires
• B) Case Study

11
The ______ variable is the variable that is
measured.

• A) Independent
• B) Intervening
• C) Controlled
• D) Dependent
• D) Dependent

12
A hypothesis is derived from a ______.

• A) idea
• B) research paper
• C) brainstorming
• D) theory
• D) theory

13
The three major parts of a neuron are the _______.

• glia, dendrites, and myelin
• Myelin, dendrites, and axon
• Dendrites, axon and soma
• Axon, glia and myelin
• C) dendrites, axon and soma

14
The major ions involved in the resting and action
potential are ________.

• Sodium and hydrogen
• Hydrogen and potassium
• DNA and RNA
• Potassium and sodium
• D) Potassium and sodium

15
Myelin, the fatty insulation surrounding the
axon, is required for ___________.

• Complex cognitive tasks
• Complex motor tasks
• Increasing the speed of the action potential
• All of these options
• C) Increasing the speed of the action potential

16
The parasympathetic and sympathetic are the major
divisions of the __________ nervous system.

• Autonomic
• Somatic
• Central
• Automatic
• A) Autonomic

17
The major divisions of the CNS are __________.

• A) sympathetic and parasympathetic
• B) somatic and autonomic
• C) gray matter and white matter
• D) brain and spinal cord
• D) brain and spinal cord

18
The frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal
lobes make up the ________.

• A) brain
• B) cerebral cortex
• C) subcortex
• D) brain stem
• B) Cerebral cortex

19
This structure at the top of the brain stem is
involved in respirations, movement, waking,
sleep, and dreaming.

• Medulla
• Pons
• Cerebellum
• Reticular formation
• B. Pons

20
The __________ system prepares your body to
respond to stress.

• A) central nervous
• B) fight or flight
• C) peripheral
• D) somatic
• B) fight or flight

21
The _____ serves as the major sensory relay area
for the brain.

• Hypothalamus
• Thalamus
• Cortex
• Hindbrain
• B. Thalamus

22
The corpus callosum __________.

• A) maintains your balance
• B) keeps you breathing
• C) connects your right and left hemispheres
• D) is the center of your personality
• C) connects your right and left hemispheres

23
The limbic system is involved with your
__________.

• A) ability to move and maintain posture
• B) sense of touch and pain
• C) basic bodily functions
• D) emotional behavior
• D) emotional behavior

24
The __________ is the brain structure most
associated with the formation of new memories.

• A) hypothalamus
• B) thalamus
• C) hippocampus
• D) pituitary gland
• C) hippocampus

25
___, ___, ___ are the three major techniques for
scanning the brain.

• A) PET, CAT, DOG
• B) PET, CT, MRI
• C) MRI, CAT, FSH
• D) CT, MRI, NFL
• B) PET, CT, MRI

26
Spontaneous recovery occurs when _________
suddenly reappears.

• A) your lost wallet
• B) a previously extinguished response
• C) an extinct instinct
• D) a forgotten stimulus-response sequence
• B) a previously extinguished response

27
A relatively permanent change in behavior is
__________.

• Learning
• Conditioning
• Behavior modification
• Modeling
• A) Learning

28
Once classical conditioning has occurred, the CR
may be elicited by stimuli that are similar to
the CS. This is called _________.

• Generalization
• Discrimination
• Spontaneous conditioning
• Replication of the effect
• A) Generalization

29
Higher order conditioning occurs when a(n)
_________.

• Previously NS elicits a CR
• NS is paired with a CS
• NS is paried with and UCS
• UCR is paired with a CS
• B) NS is paired with a previous NS

30
Anything that causes an increase in a response is
a(n) __________.

• A) conditioned stimulus
• B) reinforcement
• C) punishment
• D) unconditioned stimulus
• B) reinforcement

31
Anything that causes a decrease in a response is
a(n) __________.

• A) conditioned stimulus
• B) reinforcement
• C) punishment
• D) unconditioned stimulus
• C) punishment

32
Negative reinforcement and punishment are
__________.

• A) the same
• B) the best ways to learn a new behavior
• C) not the same because negative reinforcement
  increases behavior and punishment decreases
  behavior
• D) not the same, even though they both decrease
  behavior
• C)

33
The information processing approach is used by
_________.

• A) humanistic psychologists
• B) behaviorists
• C) functionalists
• D) cognitive psychologists
• D) cognitive psychologists

34
Gamblers continue to put their money into slot
machines because they pay off __________.

• A) on a variable ratio
• B) at variable intervals
• C) at fixed intervals
• D) on a fixed ratio
• A) on a variable ratio

35
If you reinforce your dog for sitting by giving
him a treat every third time he sites, you are
using a __________.

• A) continuous schedule of reinforcement
• B) random ratio reinforcement schedule
• C) fixed interval reinforcement schedule
• D) fixed ratio reinforcement schedule
• D) fixed ratio reinforcement schedule

36
Individuals who believe they are unable to
control or escape from sources of pain may
develop __________.

• A) Learned Helplessness
• B) Panic Disorder
• C) Depression
• D) OCD
• A) Learned Helplessness

37
What was Pavlov originally trying to study?

• A) Eating behavior of dogs
• B) saliva processes
• C) digestive system
• D) meat powder
• C) digestive system

38
Food, water and sex are examples of

• A) Negative reinforcers
• B) Secondary reinforcers
• C) Positive reinforcers
• D) Primary reinforcers
• D) Primary reinforcers

39
Spontaneous recovery occurs when _________
suddenly reappears.

• A) your lost wallet
• B) a previously extinguished response
• C) an extinct instinct
• D) a forgotton stimulus-response sequence
• B) a previously extinguished response

40
Dolphin training is done via what principle of
learning.

• A) continuous reinforcement schedule
• B) Generalization
• C) Discrimination
• D) Shaping
• D) Shaping

41
Developmental psychologists are NOT interested in
_____

• a)fetal well-being
• b) age-related differences
• c) age-related similarities
• d) life after death
• d) life after death

42
Age at crawling, walking, and toilet training is
primarily dependent on the _____

• a) education level of the parents
• b) specific training techniques of the childs
  caretakers
• c) maturational readiness of the child
• d) genetic influences inherited from both mother
  and father
• c) maturational readiness of the child

43
The period of life when an individual first
becomes capable of reproduction is known as_____

• a) the growth spurt
• b) adolescence
• c) puberty
• d) the latency period
• c) puberty

44
According to the language theory of Noam Chomsky,
_____.

• Children are born prewired to learn language
• Language development is primarily a result of
  rewards and modeling of adult speed
• Overgeneralizations of speech result from faulty
  development of the LAD
• Language development cannot be determined
• a) Children are born prewired to learn language

45
Harlows research with infant monkeys and
artificial surrogate mothers indicates that
______.

• The most important factor in infant development
  is a loving environment
• Attachment is not essential to normal development
• There is no significant difference in the choice
  of wire or terrycloth mothers
• The most important variable in attachment may be
  contact comfort
• d) The most important variable in attachment may
  be contact comfort

46
Schemas are cognitive structures that contain
organized ideas about the world and _____

• Expand or differentiate with experience
• May assimilate new information
• May accommodate new information
• All of the above
• d) All of the above

47
Egocentrism is present in which of Piagets
stages of cognitive development?

• Preoperational and formal operational
• Preoperational only
• Sensorimotor and preoperational
• Sensorimotor only
• a) Preoperational and formal operational

48
According to Piaget, an infant acqures _____ when
he or she understands that people and things
continue to exist even when they cannot directly
be seen, heard, or be touched.

• Conservation
• Reversibility
• Egocentrism
• Object permanence
• d) Object permanence

49
By age _____ most children are capable of
communicating adequately in their native language.

• 2
• 5
• 7
• 8
• b) 5

50
Chomskys language acquisition device (LAD) is
_____.

• A childs inborn ability to learn language
• A device given to deaf children to help them
  learn language despite their hearing loss
• Learned in infancy when parents use baby talk
  to stimulate its development
• The ability of some children to acquire many
  languages easily
• a) A childs inborn ability to learn language

51
_____ is the basic, inborn dispositional quality
that appears shortly after birth and
characterizes an individuals style of
approaching people and situation.

• Personality
• Trait theory
• Character
• temperament
• d) Temperament

52
The positive or negative resolution of eight
developmental challenges is characteristic of
_____ theory

• Freuds psychosexual
• Freuds psychoanalytical
• Maslows heirarchical
• Eriksons psychosocial
• d) Eriksons psychosocial

53
According to Erikson, the inner conflict during
which an individual examines his or her life and
values and makes decisions about life roles is
called a (n) _____ crisis.

• Midlife
• Climacteric
• Integrity
• Indentity
• d) identity

54
Moral judgment is self-centered and based on
obtaining rewards or avoiding punishment in this
stage of moral development

• Preoperational
• Preconventional
• Conventional
• Postoperational
• b) preconventional

55
A temperamental style that works best in period
of famine is _____.

• Attached
• Extroverted
• Difficult
• Imprinted
• c) difficult

56
According to Erikson, intimacy is the result of
the successful completion of this stage of
development

• Infancy and toddlerhood
• Junior and senior high school
• Young adulthood
• Middle adulthood
• c) Young adulthood

57
The _____ theory of aging suggests that it is
natural and necessary for people to withdraw from
their roles in life as they age in order to
prepare themselves for death.

• Kubler-Ross
• Secondary process
• Developmental
• Disengagement
• d) Disengagement

58
Compared to people who show a lack of obvious
grieving, people who exhibit intense initial
grief work through the bereavement process _____.

• Faster
• No faster
• Much slower
• Moderately slower
• b) No faster

59
The four stages of grief begin and end with _____
and _____ respectively.

• numbness yearning
• Numbness disorganization and despair
• Resolution yearning
• Numbness resolution
• d) numbness resolution

60
_____ refers to the chromosomal, gonadal,
hormonal, and anatomical aspects of being male or
female.

• Gender identity
• Sex
• Gender role
• Gender
• B. Sex

61
_____ refers to the psychological, social, and
cultural meanings added to biological maleness or
femaleness.

• Sex differences
• Gender
• Sexual role
• Gender role
• B. Gender

62
Sex Gender _____

• Biologicalpsychological/sociocultural
• Psychology biology
• Sociocultural biological
• Chromosomal anatomical/biological
• A. Biological Psychological/sociocultrual

63
Your psychological perception of yourself as
either male or female is called you _____.

• Sex perception
• Perceptual gender
• Sex role
• Gender identity
• D. Gender identity

64
If a person is erotically attracted to member of
their same sex, that individual is called _____.

• Unisexual
• Gender confused
• Gay, lesbian or homosexual
• Transexual or homosexual
• C. Gay, lesbian or homosexual

65
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

• Transvestite homosexual
• Transsexual Bisexual
• Sexual orientation gender identity
• All of the above are INCORRECT
• D. All of the above are INCORRECT

66
The belief that children actively create internal
rules about appropriate gender behavior is
consistent with _____.

• Biopsychosocial theory
• The androgyny hypothesis
• Social learning theory
• Cognitive developmental theory
• D. Cognitive developmental theory

67
Jesus was a carpenter, a teacher, a healer. He
was strong and nurturing. He was idependet, warm
and caring. This blend of masculine and feminine
traits makes him a prototype for the concept of

• Transgenderism
• Androgyny
• Heterosexuality
• Bisexuality
• B. Androgyny

68
Havelock Ellis used _____ to study human
sexuality.

• Prostitutes
• His family
• Himself
• All of the above
• C. Himself

69
Kinsey and his associates used the _____ method
to study human sexuality.

• Case study
• Correlational
• Experimental
• Survey
• D. Survey

70
Masters and Johnson researched the _____ aspects
of human sexuality.

• Physiological
• Cultural
• Genetic
• Psychological
• A. Physiological

71
This is NOT in Masters and Johnson sexual
response cycle.

• Desire phase
• Excitement phase
• Orgasm phase
• Resolution phase
• A. Desire phase

72
During the _____ phase, pleasurable sensations
peak and the body discharges its accumulated
sexual tension in a burst of muscular
contractions.

• Male climacteric
• Female climacteric
• Orgasm
• All of the above
• C. Orgasm

73
The discharge of semen and seminal fluid from the
penis during orgasm is called _____.

• The human race
• The survival of the swiftest
• The fantastic voyage
• An ejaculation
• D. An ejaculation

74
A homosexual orientation appears to be the result
of _____.

• Seduction during childhood or adolescence by an
  older homosexual
• A family background that includes a dominant
  mother and a passive, detached father
• A hormonal imbalance
• Unknown factors
• D. Unknown factors

75
The current position of the American Psychiatric
Association and the American Psychological
Association is that homosexuality _____.

• Is not a mental illness
• Can be reversed with aversion therapy
• Can be reversed with psychoanalytic therapy
• All of the above
• A. Is not a mental illness

76
Anxiety is experienced by nearly everyone, and is
not a mental disorders unless _____.

• You experience it more than once per month
• Its chronic intensity disrupts your life
• you family has a history of anxiety disorders
• other people begin to notice your symptoms
• B. Its chronic intensity disrupts your life

77
According to learning theory, anxiety disorders
are most likely caused by _____.

• Classical conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Modeling and imitation
• All of the above
• D. All of the above

78
A major depressive disorder is BEST characterized
by _____.

• Frequent melancholia, prolonged blues, or
  prolonged grief
• A long-lasting depressed mood that interferes
  with functioning, pleasure, and life interests
• Any depression of mood that also includes
  suicidal thoughts
• Recurring or persistent episodes of depressed
  mood, with or without psychotic thinking and
  suicidality
• B.

79
Someone who experiences episodes of mania or
cycles between mania and depression has a _____.

• Disruption of circadian rhythms
• Bipolar disorder
• Manic-depressive syndrome
• Cyclothymia disorder
• B. Bipolar disorder

80
Seligman found that when faced with a painful
situation from which there is no escape, animals
and people enter a state of helplessness and
resignation. He called this _____.

• Autonomic resignation
• Helpless resignation
• Resigned helplessness
• Learned helplessness
• D. Learned helplessness

81
_____ refers to split mind, while _____ refers
to split personality

• Psychosis neurosis
• Insanity multiple personality
• schizophrenia dissociative identity disorder
• paranoia borderline
• C. Schizophrenia dissociative identity disorder

82
Schizophrenia is associated with _____.

• Withdrawal from others
• Withdrawal from reality
• Delusions and hallucinations
• All of the above
• D. All of the above

83
This is the term for sensory perception that
occurs in the absence of an external stimulus.

• Delusion
• Illusion
• Hallucination
• Flight of ideas
• C. Hallucination

84
This is a thought disturbance characterized by
mistaken beliefs that are maintained in spite of
strong evidence to the contrary.

• Cognitive disruption
• False premise
• Delusion
• Illusion
• C. Delusion

85
This is an example of an emotional disturbance in
schizophrenia.

• Exaggerated laughter
• Rapidly fluctuating between fear and euphoria
• A complete lack of emotional expression
• All of the above
• D. All of the above

86
_____ symptoms of schizophrenia refer to excess
behaviors such as hallucinations, whereas _____
symptoms refer to deficits such as flattened
emotions or loss of activity.

• Alpha beta
• Type a type b
• Hyperactive hypoactive
• Positive negative
• D. Positive negative

87
This disorder is triggered by stress and
characterized by amnesia, fugue or multiple
personalities.

• Dissociative disorder
• Displacement disorder
• Disoriented disorder
• Identity disorder
• A. Dissociative disorder

88
Egocentrism, lack of a conscience, impulsive
behavior, and charisma are characteristic of
_____.

• Bart Simpson
• Beavis and Butthead
• Politicians in general
• Someone with an antisocial personality disorder
• D. Someone with an antisocial personality disorder

89
Using therapeutic techniques to improve
psychological functioning and promote adjustment
to life is known as _____.

• Eclectic therapy
• psychoanalysis/psychodynamic therapy
• Psychotherapy
• Counseling
• C. Psychotherapy

90
Which of the following is NOT one of the five
common areas of concern for all psychotheapy?

• Disturbed thoughts
• Biomedical disturbances
• Disturbed emotions
• Disturbed sleep
• D. Disturbed sleep

91
Disturbed thoughts, disturbed emotions, disturbed
behaviors, disturbed interpersonal and life
situation and biomedical disturbances are
characteristic of _____.

• Every mental disorder
• The types of problems addressed by psychotherapy
• Normal individuals
• All of the above
• B. The types of problems addressed by
  psychotherapy

92
This is an approach to psychotherapy in which the
therapist combines techniques from various
theories to find the appropriate treatment for
the client.

• Multimodal
• Multidimensional
• Biopsychological
• Eclectic
• D. Eclectic

93
If a therapist believes that problem behaviors
are caused by chemical imbalances or other
disturbances in the nervous system, they are
lively to use _____ to treat the problem.

• Biomedical therapy
• Drugs or electroconvulsive shock
• Psychosurgery
• Any of the above
• D. Any of the above

94
Mood stabilizers are most often used to treat
_____.

• Bipolar disorders
• Major depression
• Anxiety disorders
• Psychotic disorders
• A. Bipolar disorders

95
A biomedical treatment that is based on passing
an electrical current through the brain is called
_____.

• EMT
• ECT
• EKG
• EFG
• B. ECT

96
In psychoanalysis, free association refers to
_____.

• Unproductive session for which the client is not
  charged
• A thought process which has no underlying cause
  or motivation
• Reporting whatever comes to mind without
  monitoring its content
• Purposefully bizarre and disconnected
  associations
• C. Reporting whatever comes to mind without
  monitoring its content

97
In dream analysis, a psychoanalyst will look for
the _____ meaning that underlies the _____
content.

• Conscious unconscious
• Latent manifest
• Dramatic mundane
• Countertransferential transferential
• B. Latent manifest

98
Which of the following is an example of
psychoanalytic resistance?

• Arriving on time for an appointment
• Arriving early for an appointment
• Arriving late or canceling an appointment
• Each of these options may or may not be actual
  resistance
• D. Each of these options may or may not be actual
  resistance

99
Interpretation in psychoanalysis _____.

• Is the analysts explanations of a patients free
  associations, dreams, resistance, and
  transference
• Is the analysts presentation of the patients
  problems in a new light or manner
• Must occur at the right time to be effective or
  useful
• All of the above
• D. All of the above

100
The process by which the therapist and client
work to change destructive ways of thinking is
called _____.

• Problem-solving
• Self-talk
• Cognitive restructuring
• Rational recovery
• C. Cognitive restructuring

101
In Elliss RET, the letters ABC represent _____.

• Actualization of self, mental and physical
  behavior, coping reactions
• Authenticity, becoming, choice
• Activating event, belief system, emotional
  consequence
• Analyzing, believing, creating
• C. Activating event, belief system, emotional
  consequence

102
The belief that humans have personal freedom to
make choices and that they are responsible for
the choices they make characterizes the _____
approach to therapy.

• Psychoanalytic
• Humanistic
• Learning
• Gestalt
• B. Humanistic

103
The main focus in behavior therapy is to increase
_____ and decrease _____.

• Positive thoughts and feelings negative thoughts
  and feelings
• Adaptive behaviors maladaptive behaviors
• Coping resources coping deficits
• All of the above
• B. Adaptive behaviors maladaptive behaviors

104
An important component in systematic
desensitization is _____.

• Relaxation training
• Aversion conditioning
• Operant conditioning
• Assertiveness training
• A. Relaxation training

105
In aversion therapy, _____ compete (s) with
pleasurable associations someone experiences when
they engage in a maladaptive behavior, like
drinking.

• Positive punishment
• Negative associations
• Parasympathetic arousal
• Negative punishment
• B. Negative associations