Java vs. .Net Livslang Uddannelse August 20th, 2004

1
Java vs. .NetLivslang UddannelseAugust 20th,
2004

• Bent Thomsen
• PhD, DIC, Cand.Scient, EurIng, CEng, FBCS, MACM,
  MIEEE
• bt_at_cs.auc.dk
• Department of Computer Science
• Aalborg University

2
What is Microsoft .Net?

• It is a vision
• The platform for the digital future
• .NET is Microsofts platform for a new computing
  model built around XML Web ServicesMicrosoft
  Corporation Annual Report, 2001
• It is a brand name
• Applied to many things
• It is a set of products and technologies
• Infrastructure
• Tools
• Servers
• Services
• .Net is Microsofts core business Strategy

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A Unified Programming Model
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.NET Technologies

• The .NET Framework
• The CLR with support for XML Web services and
  more
• Supporting Visual Basic.NET, C, C, and more
• The .Net development tools
• Visual Studio.Net
• The .NET Enterprise Servers
• BizTalk Server 2003, SQL Server 2003, Commerce
  Server 2003 and more
• The .Net Services
• Passport, My Services, bCentral, expedia and more

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Microsoft .NET
Web services support across the Microsoft
platform
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The Core of .NET Framework FCL CLR

• Common Language Runtime
• Garbage collection
• Language integration
• Multiple versioning support (no more DLL
  hell!)
• Integrated security
• Framework Class Library
• Provides the core functionality
• ASP.NET, Web Services, ADO.NET, Windows Forms,
  IO, XML, etc.

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.NET Framework Common Language Runtime

• CLR manages code execution at runtime
• Memory management
• Kills entire classes of bugs (e.g., memory
  corruption, ref counting)
• Thread management, etc.
• Auto-versioning, no more DLL Hell

Common Language Runtime
Operating System
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.NET Framework Base Class Library

• Object-oriented collection of reusable types
• Collections, I/O, Strings,

.NET Framework (Base Class Library)
Common Language Runtime
Operating System
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.NET Framework Data Access Layer

• Access relational databases
• Disconnected data model
• Work with XML

ADO .NET and XML
.NET Framework (Base Class Library)
Common Language Runtime
Operating System
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.NET Framework ASP.NET Windows Forms

• Create applications front-end Web-based user
  interface, Windows GUI, Web services,

ASP .NET Web Forms Web Services Mobile Internet
Toolkit
Windows Forms
ADO .NET and XML
.NET Framework (Base Class Library)
Common Language Runtime
Operating System
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.NET Framework
System.Web
System.Windows.Forms

• Services
• Description
• Discovery
• Protocols

• UI
• HTML Controls
• Web Controls

Design
Component Model
System.Drawing
Security
Cache
Drawing 2D
Printing
Session State
Configuration
Imaging
Text
System.XML
System.Data
SQL Client
ADO.NET
XML Document
Serialization
SQL ServerCE
Design
Xslt/XPath
Reader/Writers
System
IO
Collections
Configuration

• Runtime
• Interop Services
• Remoting
• Serialization

Net
Security
Service Process
Reflection
Text
Diagnostics
Resources
Globalization
Threading
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.NET Framework Programming Languages

• Use your favorite language

C
C
VB.NET
Perl
J

Common Language Runtime
Operating System
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.NET Framework Common Language Specification
Common Language Specification
Common Language Runtime
Operating System
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Common Type System (CTS)

• All .NET languages have the same primitive data
  types. An int in C is the same as an int in
  VB.NET, COBOL.Net, Haskell,
• When communicating between modules written in any
  .NET language, the types are guaranteed to be
  compatible on the binary level
• Types can be
• Value types passed by value, stored in the
  stack
• Reference types passed by reference, stored in
  the heap
• Strings are a primitive data type now

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Common Language Specification (CLS)

• Any language that conforms to the CLS is a .NET
  language
• A language that conforms to the CLS has the
  ability to take full advantage of the Framework
  Class Library (FCL)
• CLS is standardized by ECMA

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.NET Languages

• Languages provided by Microsoft
• C, C, J, VB.NET, JScript
• Third-parties languages
• Perl, Python, Pascal, APL, COBOL, Eiffel,
  Haskell, ML, Oberon, Scheme, Smalltalk
• Advanced multi-language features
• Cross-language inheritance and exceptions
  handling
• Object system is built in, not bolted on
• No additional rules or API to learn
• All compile to .Net Assemblies
• Contains MSIL and metadata

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Intermediate Language

• .NET languages are compiled to an Intermediate
  Language (IL)
• IL is also known as MSIL or CIL
• CLR compiles IL in just-in-time (JIT) manner
  each function is compiled just before execution
• The JIT code stays in memory for subsequent calls
• Recompilations of assemblies are also possible

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Example of MSIL Code

• .method private hidebysig static void Main() cil
  managed
• .entrypoint
• // Code size 11 (0xb)
• .maxstack 8
• IL_0000 ldstr "Hello, world!"
• IL_0005 call void mscorlibSystem.Conso
  leWriteLine(string)
• IL_000a ret
• // end of method HelloWorldMain

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.Net AssembliesCompilation
Source Code
C, C, VB or any .NET language
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.Net Execution ModelCommon Language Runtime
Source code
VB
C
C
Compiler
Compiler
Compiler
Managed code
Common Language Runtime
JIT Compiler
Native Code
Operating System Services
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Managed Code Execution
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.NET Security

• Role-based Security
• What the user is allowed to do within the
  application
• .NET Roles Windows Active Directory groups
• Code Access Security
• What the code is allowed to do on this machine
• Evidence Based (Policies, Permissions, Evidence)
• Cryptography Built In to .NET FX

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Visual Basic .NET

• Evolution, not revolution, of language used by
  developers worldwide
• Builds on existing technology while adding power
• True OOP
• Multithreading
• NT Services
• Web Services
• The fastest way to build scalable applications
  for industry

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Visual J .NET

• Native support for XML Web services
• Fully integrated with Visual Studio .NET
  development environment
• Full access to the .NET Framework
• ASP.NET, ADO.NET, Windows Forms
• Integration with gt20 other languages
• Protection of existing investments
• Use java language syntax on .NET
• Move applications and skills forward

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Visual C .NETContinue to provide most powerful
and flexible language

• Better ANSI/ISO conformance
• Enable seamless, incremental use of .NET
  Framework
• Enhanced ATL Servers
• Improved ATL and MFC Clients
• Enhanced STL

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Visual C .NET Component Oriented Language

• C is the first component oriented language in
  the C/C family
• Component concepts are first class
• Properties, methods, events
• Design-time and run-time attributes
• Integrated documentation using XML
• Enables one-stop programming
• No header files, IDL, etc.
• C heritage simplification with no unnecessary
  sacrifices
• If you are serious about .Net you need to learn C

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C

• Hello world

using System class HelloWorld public static
void Main() Console.WriteLine(Hello
World!") gtcsc HelloWorld.cs gtHello
World!
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C

• Properties

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C

• Parameter Passing

• By Value

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C

• Pointers
• Not recommended for use

public struct Node public int value
public unsafe Node next
public unsafe class A . . .
public class A public unsafe void B (char p)
. . .
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C

• Boxing / Unboxing
• Allows value types to be converted to and from
  objects automatically

ArrayList list new ArrayList() int z
100 list.Add(1) list.Add(13.12)
list.Add(z) //integers are automatically
boxed //when they are added to the
list
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C

• Versioning
• C requires developers to clearly state their
  intent
• Use of the keyword new and override

Class Derived B new public void x () . .
.
Class Derived B public override void x ()
. . .
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C 2.0 Language Enhancements

• Generics
• Anonymous methods
• Iterators
• Partial types

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Generics
public class ListltTgt private T elements
private int count public void Add(T
element) if (count elements.Length)
Resize(count 2) elementscount
element public T thisint index
get return elementsindex set
elementsindex value public
int Count get return count
Listltintgt intList new Listltintgt() intList.Add(
1) // No boxing intList.Add(2) // No
boxing intList.Add("Three") // Compile-time
error int i intList0 // No cast required
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Visual Studio .NET

• Development tool that contains a rich set of
  productivity and debugging features
• Supports managed and unmanaged applications
• Supports C, C, VB.NET,
• Many useful tools and wizards
• Windows Forms Designer
• ASP.NET Web Forms Designer
• Web Services support
• SQL Server integration with ADO.NET and XML
• VS.NET is not part of the .NET Framework
• Not necessary to build or run managed code
• The .NET Framework SDK includes command line
  compilers

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VS.NET Single Development Environment

• From Visual Studio.NET you can
• Write code
• Design user interface
• Study documentation
• Debug
• Test
• Deploy
• Same tools for all languages
• Same tools for all platforms

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Visual Studio .NET
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Referencing the Framework
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.NET Applications

• Web Form Next Generation ASP Page
• Win Form Next Generation Win32 App
• Web Services Key to Interoperability
• Others
• Server Objects
• Console Applications
• Window Services
• Mobile Clients
• Many more

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ASP.NET

• Server-side Web Forms and Web Services components
  separate code from content
• Developer productivity increases
• Tools easily use ASP.NET
• Any programming language full VB, JScript, C,
  COBOL, Perl, etc.
• 40 to 70 reduction in lines of code
• Compiled
• No-touch deployment system
• Intelligent state management
• Backwards compatible with ASP
• Controls sense client and adapt output HTML,
  DHTML, WML

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What Is an XML Web Service?

• A Component That Uses XML HTTP To Define and
  Deliver A Service
• Global reach
• Based on open set of standards
• Reuse across platforms
• Works with any operating system, programming
  language, or network
• Expose legacy code
• Different systems can actually talk

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Web ServicesOpen Standards Protocols

• XML
• Universal data format
• Standards-based integration
• User-customizable
• HTTP
• Ubiquitous protocol
• Universally understood

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VS.NET and Web Services

• Expose functionality as service
• No need to learn XML, SOAP, or WSDL
• Interface is automatically generated
• Seamless deployment
• Reuse existing Web Services
• VS.NET generates the plumbing
• Full IntelliSense support
• Build and consume with any VS language

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Software as a ServiceVisual Studio .Net and the
Net Framework

• Built-in Support for Developing and Consuming Web
  Services
• Based entirely on open standards
• Automatically generates WSDL
• Automatically provides test page
• Attribute based No heavy coding needed

WebMethod
Public Function HelloWorld() as String return
Hello World End Function
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Windows Forms

• Rich, powerful client UI
• Control anchoring, visual inheritance
• Shared across all .NET languages
• No-touch deployment
• Secure
• Semi-trusted browser component
• Fully-trusted local application
• Full Web Service integration

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.Net on other Platforms

• .Net Compact Framework
• PocketPC, XScale, ARM,
• SSCLI
• BSD Unix, Mac OS X
• Mono
• Linux

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.Net CF

• Target mobile and embedded devices
• Portable subset of .NET Framework
• No new compact namespaces
• Visual Basic .NET and C compiler support in v1
• Leverage Visual Studio .NET
• Run managed .EXEs and .DLLs directly
• Debug with Visual Studio .NET
• Peacefully co-exist with host OS
• Run on native threads, P/Invoke to call native
  code

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Execution Engine Commonalities

• Verifiable type safe execution
• No uninitialized variables, unsafe casts, bad
  array indexing, bad pointer math
• Garbage Collection
• No ref-counting, no leaks
• JIT compilation
• Error handling with exceptions
• Common type system
• Call, inherit, and source-level debug across
  different languages

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Execution Engine Differences

• No ASP.NET
• COM Interop
• Good support for calling native DLLs
• P/Invoke PlatformInvoke enables calls to
  Win32 DLLs
• Support for calling COM objects using dll
  wrappers
• No support for writing COM/ActiveX objects
• No Install-time JIT (nGen)
• No Reflection Emit
• No Remoting
• Client web services is fully supported
• No Generic Serialization
• Datasets can be serialized to XML
• No binary Serialization

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Other Differences

• Class libraries are a subset (about 25)
• Different size and scalability characteristics
• Compact Additions
• IrDA support
• SQL Server CE managed classes
• Device-specific controls

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.NET Framework
System.Web
System.Windows.Forms

• Services
• Description
• Discovery
• Protocols

• UI
• HTML Controls
• Web Controls

Design
Component Model
System.Drawing
Security
Cache
Drawing 2D
Printing
Session State
Configuration
Imaging
Text
System.XML
System.Data
SQL Client
ADO.NET
XML Document
Serialization
SQL ServerCE
Design
Xslt/XPath
Reader/Writers
System
IO
Collections
Configuration

• Runtime
• Interop Services
• Remoting
• Serialization

Net
Security
Service Process
Reflection
Text
Diagnostics
Resources
Globalization
Threading
52
.NET Compact Framework
System.Web
System.Windows.Forms

• Services
• Description
• Discovery
• Protocols

• UI
• HTML Controls
• Web Controls

Design
Component Model
System.Drawing
Security
Cache
Drawing 2D
Printing
Session State
Configuration
Imaging
Text
System.XML
System.Data
SQL Client
ADO.NET
XML Document
Serialization
SQL ServerCE
Design
Xslt/XPath
Reader/Writers
System
IO
Collections
Configuration

• Runtime
• Interop Services
• Remoting
• Serialization

Net
Security
Service Process
Reflection
Text
Diagnostics
Resources
Globalization
Threading
53
How to Create a Smart Device Application

• Create a New Smart Device Application Project
• Choose the platform and type of project
• Add additional forms, controls, and code

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What Are Smart Device Projects?

• Smart Device Projects are used to develop
  applications that target the .NET Compact
  Framework
• Supported devices include
• Pocket PC 2000, 2002 and 2003
• Pocket PC 2002 Phone Edition
• SmartPhone 2003
• Custom-designed embedded devices built with the
  Windows CE .NET 4.1 operating system
• Supported languages are Visual Basic and C

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.NET Framework on Linux

• Mono Project
• Open Source C compiler, CLR and Framework Class
  Library
• Runs on various platforms and hardware
• Linux, Unix, FreeBSD, Windows JIT-compiler for
  x86
• s390, SPARC, PowerPC interpreter for these
  hardware architectures
• Supports also
• ADO.NET and XML
• Windows Forms (not fully)
• ASP.NET
• Web Services

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.NET Framework on Linux (2)

• Mono Project
• Runs .NET portable executables on Linux, e.g.
• mono myapp.exe
• Compiles .NET applications to portable
  executables, e.g.
• mcs myapp.cs
• The obtained .exe file can taken and run on
  Windows
• DotGNU Portable.NET
• Build and execute .NET applications on GNU/Linux,
  Windows, Solaris, NetBSD, FreeBSD, and MacOS X

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.NET (R)Evolutionary

• Evolutionary
• Existing Skills Migrate Smoothly
• Interoperates with Existing Applications
• Extension of WinDNA Architecture
• Revolutionary
• Common Language Runtime
• Deployment / Versioning (Ends DLL Hell)
• Web Services XML Integration
• Evidence Base Code Access Security

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Future of .Net

• .Net is Microsofts core strategy
• .Net will be part of OS in the next generation of
  Windows
• Lots of innovation in Longhorn Avalon, indigo,
  WinFS