Subordinate Clauses

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Subordinate Clauses

• The Adverb Clause

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The Adverb Clause

• How?
• Where?
• When?
• Why?

• To what extent?
• Under what condition?

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Where can you find an adverb?

• Adverbs modify
• VERBS, ADJECTIVES, and other ADVERBS

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therefore you can find them

• Nearly anywhere in the sentence
• However, they are usually near the verb,
  adjective or adverb they modify (but not always)
• Examples
• He can run fast.
• (tells how he can run)
• She really likes soccer.
• (tells to what extent, she likes)

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More Examples

• They can swim really quickly.
• (modifies the adverb quickly. It answers How
  quickly?)
• He is not enjoying this activity.
• (Just remember the word not is always an adverb.)
• She is always late for class.
• (The words always, never, sometimes, rarely, etc.
  
• are also adverbs)

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Adverbs answer where

• Your book is here.
• Your pencil is there.
• The birds are flying high.
• The plane is flying by.

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Adverbs answer when

• He came home late.
• She woke early.
• They are performing now.
• She will do her homework later.

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Unlike an adverb or an adverb phrase, an adverb
clause has a subject and a verb

• ADVERB
• They will leave soon.
• ADVERB PHRASE
• They will leave (in a few minutes).
• ADVERB CLAUSE
• They will leave when they are ready.

S
V
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Definition

• An adverb clause is a subordinate (dependent
  clause) that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an
  adverb.
• Like an adverb an adverb clause tells where,
  when, how, why, to what extent or under what
  condition.

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Adverb Clauses can also be found nearly anywhere
in the sentence

• beginning, middle or end
• EXAMPLES
• You may sit wherever you wish.
• (modifies the verb sit and tells where)
• When spring sets in, many students go crazy.
• (modifies the verb go and tells when)
• Sammy and Alexandra look as though they have some
  exciting news for us.
• (modifies the verb look, telling how S. and A.
  look)

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More examples

• Happy because she made an A, Maia hurried to
  phone her mom.
• (modifies the adjective Happy, telling why Maia
  was happy.)
• Will can climb higher than I can.
• (modifies the adverb higher, telling to what
  extent or how much higher Will can climb)
• If it does not rain tomorrow, we will go to the
  beach for class.
• (modifies the verb will go, telling under what
  condition we will go to the beach.)

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COMMA RULES

• When an adverb clause begins a sentence, it is
  followed by a comma.
• ,

Adverb clause
main clause
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Subordinating Conjunctions

• An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinating
  conjunctiona word that shows the relationship
  between the adverb clause and the word or words
  that the clause modifies.

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Common Subordinating Conjunctions

• after as though since when
• although because so that whenever
• as before than where
• as if how though wherever
• as long as if unless whether
• as soon as in order that until while

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NOTE!

• The words after, as, before, since, and until are
  also commonly used as prepositions. REMEMBER in
  order to be a clause, the group of words must
  have both a subject and a verb
• Example
• PREPOSITION
• (After lunch) well finish building the rocket.
• SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION
• After you wash the dishes, you can make the bed.

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SUBORDINATE (DEPENDENT) CLAUSES

• Adjective Clause Adverb Clause
  Noun Clause
• Relative Relative Subordinating
  Relative Relative
• Pronoun Adverb Conjunction
  Pronoun Adverb

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Lets try this together.

• I enjoy summer because I have so much time off.
• As the days go by, I find myself becoming more
  tanned.
• If I dont have things to do, I usually sleep in
  later.
• My friends run around as if they have matters to
  attend.
• The pool is great as long as the water is not too
  cold.

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Now try it with your group.

• I liked the baby pool until I got too big to go
  in it.
• All of the children like to play when their
  friends play.
• Whatever they do, they seem to have fun.
• Since summer is short, I make the best of
  everything.
• Even though I have fun, I do look forward to
  school.

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How did you do?.

• s V
• I liked the baby pool until I got too big to go
  in it.
• 
  s V
• All of the children like to play when their
  friends play.
• S V
• Whatever they do, they seem to have fun.
• S V
• Since summer is short, I make the best of
  everything.
• S V
• Even though I have fun, I do look forward to
  school.

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Try it alone.

• I get excited because it is a new year.
• As long as there are not too many papers, I am
  happy.
• Whenever we have a quiz, I get nervous.
• You dont know how fun a class is until you try
  it.
• Although I love summer, I enjoy school as well.

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Did you get it?

• S V
• I get excited because it is a new year.
• S V
• As long as there are not too many papers, I am
  happy.
• S V
• Whenever we have a quiz, I get nervous.
• 
  S V
• You dont know how fun a class is until you try
  it.
• S V
• Although I love summer, I enjoy school as well.

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Now find the subordinating conjunctions as well.

• Some like summer because they love the weather.
• My kids love summer so that they can swim.
• If there werent humidity, summer would be
  perfect.
• I didnt know Kansas got hot until we moved here.
• After I go outside, I like to make ice-cold
  lemonade.

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Got it! ?

• S V
• Some like summer because they love the weather.
• 
  S V
• My kids love summer so that they can swim.
• S V
• If there werent humidity, summer would be
  perfect.
• 
  S V
• I didnt know Kansas got hot until we moved here.
• S V
• After I go outside, I like to make ice-cold
  lemonade.

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Adverb Clauses and Commas

• When to Use Them and When to Lose Them

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Commas are SOMETIMES necessary when using adverb
clauses.

• You use a comma when the adverb clause comes
  BEFORE the independent clause.
• You DO NOT use a comma when the adverb clause
  comes AFTER the independent clause.

Adv. clause
Independent clause
Adv. clause
Independent clause
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Find the adverb clauses in the following
sentences.

• You seem very happy when you help other people.
• While you wait, we will detail your car.
• I am happier than I ever was before.
• That horse is more obstinate than a mule is.
• The woman took notes while being taught to cook
  with broccoli.
• Ben fields baseballs better than he hits.
• As the lions approached the carcass, the cheetahs
  retreated once more.
• While I was eating, I choked on a bone.

Go on
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Great Job!!! ?
Try another one
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Oops! ?
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Commas are used if the adverb clause comes before
the main clause.

• Directions Underline the adverb clauses.
• When I walk into a room everyone cheers.
• Since I wanted shoes I went to the store.
• If I ask you will you tell me where you put it?
• Before I started running I was a swimmer.
• Because Doris has a dog she buys leashes.

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Commas are used if the adverb clause comes before
the main clause.

• Directions Write an S over the subject and a
  V over the verb.
• When I walk into a room everyone cheers.
• Since I wanted shoes I went to the store.
• If I ask you will you tell me where you put it?
• Before I started running I was a swimmer.
• Because Doris has a dog she buys leashes.

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Commas are used if the adverb clause comes before
the main clause.

• Directions Insert commas where necessary.
• When I walk into a room everyone cheers.
• Since I wanted shoes I went to the store.
• If I ask you will you tell me where you put it?
• Before I started running I was a swimmer.
• Because Doris has a dog she buys leashes.

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Insert commas between the adverb and independent
clauses where necessary.

1. I went with the Smiths because we are friends.
2. Since you came to my party I will send you a
   card.
3. If I go on the trip will I get to see the
   elephants?
4. I go to the store whenever I get hungry.
5. When I get hurt I sometimes cry.

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Check your work.

1. I went with the Smiths because we are friends.
   (no comma)
2. Since you came to my party, I will send you a
   card.
3. If I go on the trip, will I get to see the
   elephants?
4. I go to the store whenever I get hungry. (no
   comma)
5. When I get hurt, I sometimes cry.

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Combine the following sentences using adverb
clauses at the end of the sentence.

• We watched the robins. They raised their young in
  our apple tree.
• Becky read the book. It was recommended by a
  friend.
• Dad donates his suits to charity. He has worn
  them a year.
• The policemen delayed the drivers. The wrecks
  were cleared.
• Ann ate an apple. She studied her vocabulary.

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Combine the following sentences using adverb
clauses at the beginning of the sentence.

• Frank started medical training. He drove a
  forklift for a living.
• The rains had started the mud slides. The homes
  were not safe to live in.
• Older people love to sit in the park. They feed
  the birds and visit.
• I enjoyed camping out. I was much younger.
• Joe recognized the man. The man had stopped his
  car to help.

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Practice

• Complete page 499 exercise 4 and 500 exercise 5.

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Writing with Adverb Clauses

• This is EASY!!! ?

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When an adverb clause is used after independent
clauses, we do not use a comma.

• Example
• Many schools need foreign language teachers/They
  graduate from a respected program.
• Many schools need foreign language teachers after
  they graduate from a respected program.

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With your partner combine these main clauses
into a sentence with an adverb clause AFTER the
main clause. Underline the adverb clause and
circle the subordinating conjunction.

1. Some foreign language teachers are finding that
   more is learned/They use a technique called Total
   Physical Response
2. Using TPR, students respond physically to
   commands/The teacher presents new material
3. Students respond with movements, not with
   words/Understanding comes before speaking
4. Experts feel that students are learning a new
   language/They were learning their native language
5. No one is forced to speak/He or she is ready

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Howd you do?

• __________________________________________
• _____________________________________________
• 2. ___________________________________________
• _____________________________________________
• 3. ___________________________________________
• _____________________________________________
• 4. ___________________________________________
• _____________________________________________
• 5. ___________________________________________
• _____________________________________________

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When an adverb clause is used before independent
clauses, we do use a comma.

• Example
• Many schools want foreign language teachers/They
  graduate from a respected program.
• When they graduate from a respected program, many
  schools want foreign language teachers.

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On your own combine these main clauses into a
sentence with an adverb clause before the main
clause. Underline the adverb clause and circle
the subordinating conjunction.

1. The teacher models an action/The student can
   relate the command to the needed response
2. The teacher continues to participate/The students
   responses come naturally
3. Tests show that students learn more
   vocabulary/They learn with conventional
   techniques
4. They can recall large numbers of words learned
   the previous year/They return from summer
   vacation
5. It seems that moving the body while learning
   improves memory/Movement forces the learner to
   concentrate

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Howd you do?

• __________________________________________
• _____________________________________________
• 7. ___________________________________________
• _____________________________________________
• 8. ___________________________________________
• _____________________________________________
• 9. ___________________________________________
• _____________________________________________
• 10. __________________________________________
• _____________________________________________

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Find adverb clauses in the song.

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vap2AAM44zAc

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Write an adverb clause about the following
pictures
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