New Vocabulary

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New Vocabulary
From soup to nuts!!!!
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Simple Sentences

• I love pizza.
• A simple sentence has a subject (I) and a
  predicate (love).

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Compound Sentence

• I love pizza and I eat at Tonys every Friday.
• A Compound sentence has two independent clauses
  ( I love pizza) and (I eat at Tonys every
  Friday.)

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Complex Sentence

• I love pizza because it has the freshest dough
  and tomatoes.
• Complex sentences have at least one independent
  clause and one dependent clause.
• (I love pizza - independent can stand alone)
• (because it has the freshest dough and tomatoes -
  dependent cannot stand alone.)

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Infinitives

• Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, or
  adverbs. to verb
• To sleep is the only thing Eli wants after his
  double shift waiting tables at the neighborhood
  café.
• To sleep functions as a noun because it is the
  subject of the sentence.
• No matter how fascinating the biology dissection
  is, Emanuel turns his head and refuses to look.
• To look functions as a noun because it is the
  direct object for the verb refuses.
• Wherever Melissa goes, she always brings a book
  to read in case conversation lags or she has a
  long wait.
• To read functions as an adjective because it
  modifies book.
• Richard braved the icy rain to throw the smelly
  squid eyeball stew into the apartment dumpster.
• To throw functions as an adverb because it
  explains why Richard braved the inclement
  weather.

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Gerunds

• Gerunds always end in -ing and are always nouns.
• Since Francisco was five years old, swimming has
  been his passion.
• Swimming subject of the verb has been.
• Francisco's first love is swimming.
• Swimming subject complement of the verb is.
• Francisco enjoys swimming more than spending time
  with his girlfriend Diana.
• Swimming direct object of the verb enjoys.
• Francisco gives swimming all of his energy and
  time.
• Swimming indirect object of the verb gives.
• When Francisco wore dive fins to class, everyone
  knew that he was devoted to swimming.
• Swimming object of the preposition to.

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Participleverbs that act like adjectives or are
part of a multipart verb phrase
Verb Simple present Simple past Past Participle Present Participle infinitive
giggle giggle(s) giggled giggled giggling to giggle
swim swim(s) swam swum swimming to swim
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Preposition

• Prepositions are the words that indicate
  location. Usually, prepositions show this
  location in the physical world. Check out the
  three examples below
• The puppy is on the floor.
• The puppy is in the trashcan.
• The puppy is beside the phone.
• continued on the next slide

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lists of prepositions

• about
• above
• according to
• across
• after
• against
• along
• along with
• among
• apart from
• around
• as
• as for
• at
• because of
• before
• behind
• below
• beneath

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rhetoric

• the art of speaking or writing effectively
• a the study of principles and rules of
  composition
• b the study of writing or speaking as a means
  of communication or persuasion
• C skill in the effective use of speech

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cause and effect essay

• Cause and effect essays are concerned with why
  things happen (causes) and what happens as a
  result (effects).
• Cause and effect is a common method of organizing
  and discussing ideas.

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Memoir/Anecdote

• Memoir is a story about a particular time in a
  persons history.
• An anecdote can be part of a memoir where it is a
  retelling of an event with embellishments to make
  the entire story more interesting.

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Protagonist/Antagonist

• The protagonist is the main character in a story,
  novel, drama, or other literary work
• the character the reader or audience empathizes
  with.
• The antagonist opposes the protagonist.

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Definition essay

• writing that explains what a term means. Terms
  such as honesty, honor, or love are abstract and
  depend more on a person's point of view.
• Three Steps to Effective Definition
• 1. Tell readers what term is being defined.
• 2. Present clear and basic information.
• 3. Use facts, examples, or anecdotes that
  readers will understand.
• 4. Write what it is not.