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Egypt

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Egypt Settling the Nile When: From 6000 B.C. 5000 B.C., the earliest hunter gatherers settled villages along the Nile River valley. A Mighty River Egypt: warm and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Egypt


1
Egypt
2
Settling the Nile
  • When From 6000 B.C. 5000 B.C., the earliest
    hunter gatherers settled villages along the Nile
    River valley.

3
A Mighty River
  • Egypt warm and sunny with little rain
  • The Egyptians had to rely upon the worlds
    longest river, the Nile River, for water. They
    drank from it, bathed in it, and used it farming,
    cooking, and cleaning.
  • The Nile really began as two separate rivers
    the Blue Nile and the White Nile. These two meet
    and form the Nile just south of Egypt.

4
A Mighty River II
  • Narrow cliffs and boulders in the Nile form wild
    rapids, called cataracts.
  • Because of these cataracts, large ships can only
    use the Nile for its last 650 miles, where it
    flows through Eygpt.

5
A Sheltered Land
  • From the air, the looks like the stem of a flower
    that blooms just as it reaches the Mediterranean
    Sea.
  • These blooms are the branches of the Nile that
    fan out over an area of fertile soil called a
    delta.
  • On both sides of the Nile, the land stretches
    into a vast desert that forms part of the Sahara,
    the largest desert in the world, to the west.
  • On the eastern side, stretching to the Red Sea,
    is the Eastern Desert.

6
A Sheltered Land II
  • The Red Land helped keep outside armies away
    from Egypts territory.
  • The Niles dangerous cataracts blocked enemy
    boats from reaching Egypt to the south.
  • To the north, the delta marshes did not offer any
    safe harbors for invaders approaching from the
    sea.
  • Because of these natural barriers, Egypt was
    rarely faced with invasions and the Egyptians
    were able to grow and prosper.

7
A Sheltered Land
  • The Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea gave the
    Egyptians a way to trade with people outside of
    Egypt.
  • Within Egypt, the Egyptians used the Nile for
    trade and transportation.
  • Winds from the north pushed sailboats south, and
    the flow from the Nile carried them north.
  • Because of this, Egyptians had a good
    relationship with the villages within the country.

8
The River PeopleRegular Flooding
  • The Nile floods were much more dependable than
    the rivers in Mesopotamia, so the Egyptians were
    able to farm and live securely.
  • From July to October, the Nile spilled over its
    banks as the heavy rains from central Africa and
    melting snows from the highlands of Africa added
    to the waters from the Nile.
  • When the waters went down, they left behind a
    layer of dark, fertile mud called Kemet
    (KEH-met), which means the Black Land.

9
The River PeopleHow Did they Egyptians Use the
Nile?
  • They farmed crops and grew enough food for
    themselves and the animals they raised.
  • Used irrigation by digging bowl shaped holes and
    canals to carry water from the basins to fields
    beyond the rivers reach.
  • Egyptians also built dikes, or earthen banks to
    strengthen basin walls.

10
The River PeopleHow Did Egyptians Use the Nile?
  • Egyptians found a way to measure land, or survey.
  • Papyrus is a reed plant that grew along the
    shores of the Nile. They used it to make baskets,
    sandals, river rafts, and later, paper.

11
The River People What were Hieroglyphics?
  • They Egyptians used papyrus rolls as writing
    paper.
  • Their writing was called hieroglyphics, which was
    made up of hundreds of picture symbols. Some
    objects stood for objects and idea, some stood
    for sounds, others just letters.
  • Scribes would carve hieroglyphics into stone
    walls and monuments, but there was a simpler
    script for use on papyrus
  • Few people in ancient Egypt could read and write.
  • Egyptian men went to special schools to learn how
    to read and write and become scribes.

12
How Did We Decipher the Egyptian Alphabet? The
Rosetta Stone
  • History Mystery, p. 42

13
United Egypt
  • Surplus of food led ancient Egyptians to work as
    artisans instead of farmers.
  • The advances in farming and trade created a need
    for a government in Egypt.
  • The government oversaw the building of irrigation
    systems, surplus food had to be stored, and land
    ownership disputes had to be resolved.

14
A United EgyptEgypts Ruling Families
  • Groups of villages formed smaller kingdoms that
    ultimately formed Upper and Lower Egypt. Lower
    Egypt was in the Nile delta while to the south
    lay Upper Egypt.
  • Narmer (also known as Meneez) was credited with
    bringing these two kingdoms together in 3100 B.C.

15
A United Egypt
  • Narmer wore a double crown to symbolize Egypts
    unity the helmet like white crown represented
    Upper Egypt, the red open crown represented Lower
    Egypt.

16
A United Egypt
  • Narmers empire held together and the ruling
    power was passed down from father to son to
    grandson.
  • A line of rulers from one family is called a
    dynasty.
  • Over time, ancient Egypt was ruled by 31
    dynasties. Historians group Egypts dynasties
    into three main time periods the Old Kingdom,
    the Middle Kingdom, and the new Kingdom.

17
Early Egyptian Life
18
Early Egyptian Life
  • Ancient Egypt had social classes.
  • The pharaoh was the highest power.
  • The upper class consisted of nobles, priests, and
    government officials.
  • The middle class included merchants, artisans,
    shopkeepers, and scribes.
  • Farmers were the largest group of people and were
    in a lower class than the middle class.

19
Early Egyptian Life
  • Although men were the heads of households, women
    had more rights in Egypt than in other ancient
    civilizations
  • They could own and pass on property, buy and sell
    goods, make wills, and obtain divorces.

20
Early Egyptian Life
  • Few children went to school in ancient Egypt
  • Children had time to play games and had toys.
  • Egyptian girls learned to sew, cook, and run a
    household
  • Boys learned farming or a skilled trade

21
Review
  • How are U.S. children today like children of
    ancient Egypt? How are they different?
  • Both can play with toys and games. However, all
    children are required by law to go to school in
    the United States. In ancient Egypt, few
    children went to school. Also, U.S. girls today
    can learn farming or a trade skill, and boys can
    learn to sew and cook.

22
Review
  • What is papyrus and how did the Egyptians use
    it?
  • It is a reed plant that was used to make baskets,
    sandals, river rafts, and paper.

23
Review
  • What rights did women have in ancient Egypt?
  • Women could own and pass on property, buy and
    sell goods, make wills, obtain divorces, and take
    part in religious ceremonies.

24
Review
  • How did the geography of the Nile River valley
    lead to the growth of a civilization there?
  • The Nile River valley had natural barriers for
    protection, enriched soil for farming, and the
    river and seas for trade.

25
Review
  • Describe the Egyptian writing system.
  • Picture symbols, called hieroglyphics, stood for
    objects, ideas, and sounds.

26
Review
  • What was the significance of Narmers double
    crown?
  • It symbolized the unity of Upper and Lower Egypt.
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