INDIAN SOILS

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• INDIAN SOILS

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TYPES OF SOILS

• .ALLUVIAL SOILS
• .BLACK SOILS
• .RED SOILS
• .LATERITE SOILS
• .DESERT SOILS
• .MOUNTAION SOILS
• .SAILNE ALKALINE SOILS
• .PEATY MARSHY SOILS

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ALLUVIAL SOILS

• Formed by deposition of alluvium by rivers.
• Occupies 15 lakh Sqkm area in india.
• Contribute greatly in agricultural development.
• Characteristics Transported soils.
• Corsers in upper section and finest in
• delta.
• Light to dark in colours.
• Rich in Phoshorus and Nitrogen.
• Hilghly fertile, good for all crops ( Kharif
  Rabi )
• CROPS- Rice,Wheat, Sugarcane, Cotton ,Jute.
• ARCES- Punjab, Harynana, U.P., Bihar, W.B. ,Assam.

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BLACK SOIL

• Also known as REGURE OR Black cotton soli.
• Dark grey to Black in colour.
• High clay content.
• Highly moinst retentive.
• Develpos creacks in summer.
• Covers 5.4 lakh sqkm.
• Highly suitable for cotton rich in iron, lime,
  calcium,magnesium ,carbonates, alumina.
• Poor in phosphorsres, Nitrogen Organic matter.
• CROPS- Cotton, Sugarcane, Ground nut, millets
  Rice, Wheat, Oilseads.
• AREAS- Maharastra, Karntaka, T.M. Rajasthan.

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RED SOILS

• More sandy less clayes.
• Formed due to weathering of old crystalline
  rocks.
• Rich in iron ,small amount of Humus.
• Poor in phosphous, Nitrogen lime.
• Slightly acidic and do not retain moisture.
• 3.5 lakhs sqkm.area.
• Porous and Frible.
• AREA- Tamil Nadu,Southern Karnataka parts, West
  Bengal , Maharashtra.
• CROPS- Groundnut, milletr, potato, rice,
  wheat,sugarecane.

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LATERITE SOIL

• Latin word meaning brick.
• Formed under high temperature and rain fall with
  wet and dry spell.
• Silic a is leached due to high rainfall.
• Remnants of iron and aluminumm oxides leaft
  behind is known as laterrite.
• Brown to yellowish colour.
• Becomes hard when exposed to atmossphere.
• Used asbuilding material.
• Rich in iron.
• Poor in line, potaash and magesium.
• Occupies 2.4 lakh sqkm.
• AREAS- Parts of assam, Karnatka, T.N,.
• Crops- Tea ,Coffee, Cashew, Rubber and Coconut.

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DESERT SOIL

• Contanis soluble salts.
• Originated by mechanical disintegration wind
  deposit.
• Prous and Coarse.
• Rich in Nitrates Phossphates.
• Poor in Nitrogen Humus.
• Friable, sanday low moist content.
• 1.4 lakhs sqkm.
• AREAS- Arid semi arid regions of
  Rajasthan,Haryana, Punjab.
• CROPS Droughnt registant crops like millets and
  barey.

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MOUNTION SOIL

• Found in hill slopes
• Formed by deposition of organic.
• Rich in humanus.
• Door in potash and line.
• AREAS- Assam, Kashmir, Sikkim Arunachal
  Pradesh.
• CROPOS- Tea, Coffee, Spices Tropical fruits..

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SALINE ALKALINE SOIL

• Contains salts like sodium, magnesium calcuim.
• Infrtile ,unfit for cultivation.
• Sanday to loamy intexture.
• AREAS- Parts of Gujarat, Rajasthan.
  Punjab,Haryana, U.P, Maharashtra.

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PEATY MARSHY SOIL

• Occurin humind region.
• Formed by accumulation of organic matter.
• Black in colour.
• Highly acidic and heavy.
• AREAS- Kerala, Orrissa, Sundarbans of W.B.

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SOIL EROSION

• Removal of top soil by different agents.
• CAUSES
• Deforestion
• Overgrazing
• Faulty method of Agriculutre.
• Ersion by rivers.
• Removal of top soil.
• Shifting cultivation.

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SOIL EFFECTS

• Loss of cultivable land.
• Reducation in siol feritility.
• Causesliting may change river course.
• Results in lots of run off.
• Reduces percolation of ground water.

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SOIL CONSERVATION

• Protection of soil from Erosion Deterioration.
• Measures for soil conservation
• Contour farming.
• Mulching ( spreading of grass,
• leaves on
  ground)
• Afforestion and Reforestion.
• Controlled of dams barrages
  cropo
• rotation.
• Subsoiling.
• Terrace farming.