Assertiveness Training

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Assertiveness Training Management of Emotional
Aggression
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Self Assessment

• Can you appreciate the good work of your
  colleague?
• Are you comfortable starting a conversation with
  a stranger at a party?
• Do you express your true feelings to boss,
  spouse, friend or others when your rights are
  violated?
• Can you accept criticism without being defensive?

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Assertiveness Quiz

• Answer the questions honestly. They will help you
  gain some insights about your current level of
  assertiveness. 
• Assign a number to each item using this
  scale Always     5     4     3    2     1    
  Never 

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HOW ASSERTIVE ARE YOU? 
Score Category Behaviour
60 consistently assertive handle most situations well
45-60 fairly assertive Assertive in some situations, need improvement
30-45 Seem to be assertive, but nonassertive or aggressive in reality You may want to change some perceptions and practice new behaviors in order to handle things much more assertively in the future
15-30 Nonassertive Need to practice and allow yourself time to grow and change
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Assertiveness Definition

• Assertiveness is the ability to express your
  emotions and needs without violating others
  rights and in the same time without being
  aggressive.

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Why am I not assertive?

• Assertiveness is not something that is inherited.
• Lack of assertiveness is only rooted to the way
  of dealing with others you got used to.
• You just step on yourself in order to make others
  feel happy or in order to avoid being rejected.
• To become assertive, only one thing is
  required..
• Your decision!

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Assertive Rights

• To have your own values, beliefs, opinions, and
  emotions.
• To justify or refuse to justify your actions to
  others.
• To put yourself first, sometimes.
• To express yourself and to say, "no," I don't
  know," I don't understand," or
  even I don't care."

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Assertive Rights Contd.

• To take the time you need to formulate your ideas
  before expressing them.
• To make mistakes and accept the responsibility
  for the same.
• To stand up for yourself and for what you want.
• To be treated with respect.
• To set your own priorities.
• To change your mind.

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What will be the choice of your behavior in the
following situation?

• Your ward in-charge is asking you to extend your
  night duty to one more week.

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Behavioral Response Patterns

• 1.Nonassertive
• 2. Assertive
• 3. Aggressive
• 4.
  Passive-Aggressive

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Nonassertive Behaviour
Behaviorual Characteristics Passive Does not express true feelings Self depreciating Denies own rights
Goals To please others, To be liked by others
Feelings Anxious Hurt Disappointed with self Angry Resentful
Compensations Able to avoid unpleasant situations confrontations with others
Outcomes Goals not met others meet their goals at their expense Development of anger Feels violated and manipulated
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Assertive Behaviuor
Behaviorual Characteristics Stand up for own rights Protects the rights of others Honest Direct Appropriate
Goals To communicated effectively To be respected by others
Feelings Confident Successful Proud Self respecting
Compensations Increased self confidence, self respect respect for others Satisfying interpersonal relationships
Outcomes Goals met Desires most often fulfilled while defending own rights as well as others
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Aggressive Behaviour
Behaviorual Characteristics Violates rights of others Expresses feelings dishonestly inappropriately
Goals To dominate To humiliate others
Feelings Self righteous Controlling Superior
Compensations Release of anger Increased feeling of power and superiority
Outcomes Goals may be met but at the expense of others Others feel hurt and vengeful
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Passive-Aggressive Behavior
Behaviorual Characteristics Defends own rights with passive resistance Critical Sarcastic Often expresses opposite of true feelings
Goals To dominate through retaliation
Feelings Anger Resentment Manipulated Controlled
Compensations Feels self righteous and in control
Outcomes Goals not met nor others due to retaliatory nature
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Behavioural Components of Assertiveness

• Eye Contact
• Body Posture
• Physical Contact
• Gestures

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Behavioural Components of Assertiveness Contd

1. Facial expression
2. Voice
3. Fluency
4. Timing

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Behavioural Components of Assertiveness Contd

1. Listening
2. Thoughts
3. Content

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Techniques to promote Assertiveness

• Stand up for human rights
• Assume responsibility for statements
• Respond as a broken record
• Agree assertively
• Inquire assertively

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Techniques to promote Assertiveness Contd

• Shift from content to process
• Know the facts
• Clouding
• Defusing

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Techniques to promote Assertiveness Contd

• Be Direct
• Own your message
• Ask for feedback
• Stop apologizing all the time

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Techniques to promote Assertiveness Contd

• Learn to take a compliment
• Dont be self depreciating
• Act confident even if you dont feel confident
• Prepare and use good open questions.
• Have faith that your own abilities
• Read inspirational things that reinforce your
  faith in proper values

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1. Delaying Assertively
2. Responding Assertively with Irony
3. anticipate - other people's behaviour
4. Re-condition and practice your own new reactions
   to aggression

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Aggression

• Aggression is defined as a behaviour
  characterized by the intention of inflicting
  unpleasant stimulation on another individual.

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Types of Aggression

• Emotional aggression with the main intention of
  harming someone
• Instrumental aggression with some other
  objective, such as to obtain something rewarding
• Direct aggression Verbal or physical aggression
• Indirect aggression Inflicting harm in covert
  ways

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Risk factors for Aggression

• Frustration
• Anger
• Aggressive cues
• Alcohol
• Heat

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Risk factors for Aggression among Psychiatric
Patients

1. H/o Violence
2. H/o Aggression
3. H/o Aggression in family of origin
4. Substance Abuse
5. Paranoia/Hostility
6. Impulsivity
7. Agitation
8. Sensorium

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Management of Aggression

• Preventive Strategies
• Anticipatory Strategies
• Containment Strategies

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Preventive Strategies

• Assessment
• Self Awareness
• Patient Education
• Assertiveness Training

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Patient Education

• Help the patient to identify anger
• Permit to express angry feelings
• Practice expression of anger
• Apply the expression of anger to a real
  situation(Provide positive feedback)
• Identify alternative ways to express anger
• Confrontation with a person who is the source of
  anger.

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Anticipatory Strategies

• Communication
• Environmental Change
• Behavioural Actions
• Psychopharmacology

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Containment Strategies

• Crisis Management
• Seclusion
• Restraints

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Man must evolve for all human conflict is a
method which rejects revenge, aggression and
retaliation. the foundation of such a method is
love!
Martin Luther King Jr.
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Thank You