Main Menu

1
Main Menu
Unit 6 Menu of Preparation

• Risks in Jobs
• Discussion Sample Video
• Which Activity Is Riskier?
• Why do people take risks?

2
Risks in Jobs

• Directions Work in pairs to classify the
  following list of jobs according to the risks
  involved in the jobs. Some jobs have different
  types of risks.

3
Jobs

• nurse, psychiatrist (?????), businessman,
  policeman, coalminer, lawyer, stockbroker
  (?????), president, secretary, beggar, teacher,
  fighter pilot (??????), accountant (??),
  interpreter, fireman (????), singer, peasant,
  football player, writer, cleaner, psychologist,
  civil servant (???), tourist guide, host of a TV
  show, factory worker, ambassador (??), model,
  journalist, chemical engineer, computer
  programmer.

4
Risks in Jobs
Physical risks Financial risks Emotional risks

nurse, policeman, coalminer, secretary, teacher,
fighter pilot, interpreter, fireman, football
player, writer, cleaner, tourist guide, factory
worker, chemical engineer, computer programmer
businessman, stockbroker, accountant, peasant,
writer, civil servant, tourist guide
nurse, psychiatrist, lawyer, president, teacher,
singer, psychologist, tourist guide, writer,
anchorperson, ambassador, model, journalist
5
Discussion Sample Video
Risks in Jobs
Click to enjoy the video clip
6
2. Which Activity Is Riskier?

• STEP ONE
• Directions Work in groups to list the following
  activities in order of riskiness.
• rock climbing, working on a farm, driving a car,
  skydiving, skiing, flying in an airplane,
  driving a motorcycle, being a 65-year-old man.

• The following is a list of the activities from
  the riskiest to the safest
• rock climbing ?skydiving ?driving a motorcycle
  ?being a 65-year-old man?skiing? flying in an
  airplane? driving a car? working on a farm

7
STEP TWO

• Directions The following table presents the time
  or effort involved in each activity to produce a
  1-in-1000 risk of death. For example, 25 hours of
  rock climbing produces 1 death per 1000 climbers.
  So, hour for hour, rock climbing is twice as
  risky as skydiving. Look at the table carefully
  and check your list in Step One.

8
STEP TWO
Activities producing a 1-in-1000 risk of death Activities producing a 1-in-1000 risk of death
Activity Time or effort involved
Rock climbing 25 hours
Skiing 340 hours
Working on a farm 22 years
Being a 65-year-old man 336 hours
Driving a car 2,000 hours
Driving a motorcycle 55 hours
Flying in an airplane 1,200 hours
Skydiving 50 hours
9
STEP THREE

• Directions Which of the activities in the above
  table would you prefer to do? Why?

10
Sample

• I prefer to do rock-climbing. I know its a risky
  sport but I really want to challenge myself and
  see how I can use my muscles and brain to do a
  tough job. You may ask why I like this risky
  sport while there are so many safer ones to test
  my strength and determination.
• I was born in a mountain area and Ive been
  enjoying mountain climbing since my childhood. I
  always feel excited while climbing a mountain,
  and rock-climbing is ever more exciting. Its
  true rock-climbing is full of danger, but life
  itself is full of dangers too. With modern
  equipment and our brains, we can prevent serious
  accidents and minor injuries wont hurt us too
  much.

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3. Why would people like to take risks?

• Sample
• I am really impressed by these quotes. They tell
  us life is full of risks. As Ali put it, he who
  is not courageous enough to take risks will
  accomplish nothing in life. So taking risks is
  an essential part of growth and progress. If we
  look at some famous people we know, obviously
  they are all good risk takers.

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Sample

• In addition to making achievements, some people
  take risks to enjoy a new experience and to
  challenge themselves. They want to look like a
  courageous guy or a strong person. Taking risks
  will make them feel more confident and competent.
  They also want to enjoy the excitement in risk
  taking because their lives are otherwise too
  peaceful and comfortable.

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Unit 6 Menu of Word Study

• Key Words Study
• Phrases and Expressions
• Vocabulary Exercises

14
Menu of Key Words Study

• Accordingly
• Disaster
• Inconvenience
• Rob

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1. accordingly -1
adv. ??,????(??)??? ????? The point is to
inform ourselves about the relevant risks and
then act accordingly.

• ????????????????????
• ???? 1.  We must ascertain the
  actual conditions and arrange accordingly.
• ??????????,???????

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accordingly -2
2.The weather has changed suddenly. Accordingly,
we must alter our plans for camping.

• ??????,?????????????

???? accordance n. ?? according to
??
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2. disaster
n. ?? ????? By contrast, only about 300
die per year in mine accidents and disasters.

• ????,????????????????? ????
• ????All these difficulties were caused by
  natural disasters.
• ????????????????

???? (1)???disastrous ????
(2)???catastrophe
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3. inconvenience -1
n. ??? ????? But is the added cost and
inconvenience worth the difference in price,
even supposing you could afford it? (L. 41)

• ??,?????????,?????????? ?????????????????????
• ??????put to inconvenience

19
inconvenience -2
???? 1)Im sorry for all the
inconvenience Ive brought you.

• ?????????,??????
• 2)Im sorry my questions have put you to
  inconvenience. ??????????????

???? convenience ?? convenient ???
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4. rob
V. ??
????? Am I likely to be robbed on
vacations?(L. 9)

• ???????????
• ?????? rob sb. of sth.
• ???? He was robbed of money on his way to
  office.
• ???????????
• The shock robbed him of speech.
• ??????????

???? (1)???rob ? robber ? robbery (2)???steal,
burgle
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Phrases and Expressions

1. feed on
2. reduce to

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1. feed on -1
??? ????? Anxiety about the risks of
life is a bit like hypochondria in both, the
fear or anxiety feeds on partial
information.(L.11)

• ????????????????????? ??????????????
• ??????
• feed on ???
• be fed up (with)?????
• ????
• Sheep feed chiefly on grass. ????????

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feed on -2
Hatred feeds on envy. ???????
I am fed up with your grumbling. ????????? ?????
???live on
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2. reduce to
?????(??)???? ?????But the fact that there are
risks associated with everything we are going
to do does not, or should not, reduce us to
trembling neurotics. (L.31)

• ??????,???????????????? ???,??????????????
• ????
• Laziness has reduced him to a beggar.
• ?????????
• After the teachers scolding, the students
  were reduced to silence.
• ??????,?????????

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Menu of Vocabulary Exercises

1. Decide Which Word Fits the Sentence Best
2. Fill in the Blanks with an Appropriate Word
3. Translation

26
Vocabulary Exercises 1-1

• Directions Work in pairs to decide which of the
  italicized words fits the sentence best. Use your
  dictionary if necessary.
• She listens to you, and I wish youd give her
  sensible/sensitive advice.

1)sensible ???????,????????????????? ??sensible
???,???,???sensitive ???,?????
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Vocabulary Exercises 1-2

• 2) He weighed the relevant/relative advantages of
  buying a house against those of renting an
  apartment.
• 3) Roy took the back off his clock in order to
  see the machine/mechanism that worked the alarm.

2)relative????????????????????? ??relevant
???,???relative ???,???? 3)mechanism????????????
??????????? ??machine ?n.? ??mechanism ?n.?
??,??,???
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Vocabulary Exercises 1-3

• 4) The toy requires/requests quite a bit of skill
  to operate.
• 5) She went through the tapescript carefully, to
  reduce/eliminate all the errors.

4)requires ???????????????????? ??require ?v.?
??,??request ?v.???? 5)eliminate
???????????????????? ??reduce ?v.? ??eliminate
?v.? ??,????? all the errors ?????,??? reduce
?????
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Vocabulary Exercises 1-4

• 6) It was reported that 41 people were killed in
  a plane crash/collision.

6)crash ?????,?41????????? ??plane crash
?????,????,???collision ???????
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Vocabulary Exercises 2-1

• 2. Directions Fill in each of the blanks with an
  appropriate word or phrase from the box. Change
  the form if necessary.

character risky sensible inform rarely all
manner of end up definitively casual
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Vocabulary Exercises 2-2
character

• We often discover that the true 1) __________ of
  many risks is quite different from what we might
  have imagined. Too often, we 2) ________
  preparing ourselves for the impossible risk while
  failing to take precautions against more likely
  ones. The media, in particular, have a habit of
  selecting two or three risks every season to
  publicize while playing down others.

end up
1) ?? ??????, the true character of many risks
????????????character ??,??? 2) ??end up doing
?????,???????????????????????????????,???????????
???
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Vocabulary Exercises 2-3
Rarely

• Newspapers often scream about a cancer risk
  associated with this or that. 3) _______,
  however, do we learn the risk level. Such a 4)
  _______attitude towards the risk level certainly
  sells newspapers.

casual
3) ???????? do we learn the risk
level,????????????,??????????????????? 4) ????
attitude (??)????? casual, ?????,???????????
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Vocabulary Exercises 2-4
risky
all manner of

• Because virtually everything is 5) ______, and
  there are 6) ____________ risks in our daily
  life. But ordinary people should 7) ______
  themselves not only about what is risky, but also
  about what the level of the risk is.

inform
5) ???????????????????? risky a.
???,?????virtually adv. ???,??? 6) ??there are
all manner of risks? ????????????????????? 7)
??should ???????,inform sb. about sth.
??,???????
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Vocabulary Exercises 2-5

• Because ignoring the risk level makes
• 8) ________risk management impossible.
  Indeed my general rule is this Unless someone
  can 9) ___________ tell you what level of risk is
  associated with a particular activity, do as
  you wish.

sensible
definitively
8) ???????????????????,????????
????,??????????????????????? 9) ????????,
definitively ?????,????? ??????????????????
???????????,???????????
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Vocabulary Exercises 3-1

• 3. Directions Complete each of the following
  sentence by translating the Chinese in brackets
  into English.
• 1) (??) those
  grades, he won the scholarship to Syracuse
  University.
• 2) The market has (????)
  interesting things for sale.
• 3) Faith does not
  (???)thin air but on facts.

On the strength of
all manner of
feed on
36
Vocabulary Exercises 3-2
reduce

• 4) The teacher told the girl to
  an equation (??) to its simplest form.
• 5) Keep on doing that and youll
  (??????) in serious trouble.
• 6) The environmental problems are often
  (????) nuclear waste.
• 7) Today we are going to (?????)
  the question of homeless people.

to
end up
associated with
focus on
37
Vocabulary Exercises 3-3
turned to

• 8) For assistance, they (???)
  one of the citys innovative museums.
• 9) Everyone in the class is expected to
  actively (??)these
  discussions.
• 10) The southern weekend identified at least two
  village officials said to be
  (??) the trade.

participate in
involved in
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Menu of Reading Comprehension

• Related Information
• Pre-Reading Questions
• Intensive Study
• Post-Reading

39
Menu of Related Information

• Fear, Risk and Rational Suicide
• How Life Insurance Works
• Risk Its Effect On The Price of Life Insurance
• The Risk of Life
• Risk

40
Menu of Pre-Reading Questions
Pre-Reading Questions

• Directions Discuss in pairs the following
  question.

• In a normal day, what are the three riskiest
  things you do?
• Sample

• The three riskiest things I do in a normal day
  ride my bicycle in heavy traffic run downstairs
  do science experiments.

41
Passage Study

• Active Text
• Notes to the Text
• Difficult Sentences
• Summary of the Text

42
Risks and You
Para.1 Para.2 Para.3 Para.4 Para.5 Para.6
Para.7 Para.8
43
Paragraph 1 

• At some time or other, all of us have played the
  part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have
  some terrible disease on the strength of very
  minor symptoms. Some people just have to hear
  about a new disease and they begin checking
  themselves to see if they may be suffering from
  it. But fear of disease is not our only fear,
  and neither is risk of disease the only risk we
  run. Modern life is full of all manner of
  threatsto our lives, our peace of mind, our
  families, and our future. And from these threats
  come questions that we must pose to ourselves
  Is the food I buy safe? Are toys for my children
  likely to hurt them? Should my family avoid
  smoked meats? Am I likely to be robbed on
  vacations? Our uncertainties multiply
  indefinitely.

1
2
3
4
5
1
44
Paragraph 2

• Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like
  hypochondria in both, the fear or anxiety feeds
  on partial information. But one sharp difference
  exists between the two. The hypochondriac can
  usually turn to a physician to get a definitive
  clarification of the situationeither you have
  the suspected disease or you dont. It is much
  more difficult when anxiety about other forms of
  risk is concerned, because with many risks, the
  situation is not as simple.

6
7
8
45
Paragraph 3

• Risks are almost always a matter of probability
  rather than certainty. You may ask, Should I
  wear a seat belt? If youre going to have a
  head-on collision, of course. But what if you get
  hit from the side and end up trapped inside the
  vehicle, unable to escape because of a damaged
  seat belt mechanism? So does this mean that
  you should spend the extra money for an air bag?
  Again, in head-on collisions, it may well save
  your life. But what if the bag accidentally
  inflates while you are driving down the highway,
  thus causing an accident that would never have
  occurred otherwise?

9
2
10
3
46
Paragraph 4

• All of this is another way of saying that nothing
  we do is completely safe. There are risks, often
  potentially serious ones, associated with every
  hobby we have, every job we take, every food we
  eatin other words, with every action. But the
  fact that there are risks associated with
  everything we are going to do does not, or should
  not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. Some
  actions are riskier than others. The point is to
  inform ourselves about the relevant risks and
  then act accordingly.

11
12
13
47
Paragraph 5

• For example, larger cars are generally safer than
  small ones in collisions. But how much safer? The
  answer is that you are roughly twice as likely to
  die in a serious crash in a small car than in a
  large one. Yet larger cars generally cost more
  than small ones (and also use more gas, thus
  increasing the environmental risks!), so how do
  we decide when the reduced risks are worth the
  added costs? The ultimate risk avoider might, for
  instance, buy a tank or an armored car, thus
  minimizing the risk of death or injury in a
  collision. But is the added cost and
  inconvenience worth the difference in price, even
  supposing you could afford it?

14
48
Paragraph 6-1

• We cannot begin to answer such questions until we
  have a feel for the level of risks in question.
  So how do we measure the level of a risk? Some
  people seem to think that the answer is a simple
  number. We know, for instance, that about 25,000
  people per year die in automobile accidents. By
  contrast, only about 300 die per year in mine
  accidents and disasters. Does that mean that
  riding in a car is much riskier than mining? Not
  necessarily. The fact is that some 200 million
  Americans regularly ride in automobiles in the
  United States every year perhaps 700,000 are
  involved in mining.

15
49
Paragraph 6-2

• The relevant figure that we need to assess a risk
  is a ratio or fraction. The numerator of the
  fraction tells us how many people were killed or
  harmed as the result of a particular activity
  over a certain period of time the denominator
  tells us how many people were involved in that
  activity during that time. All risk levels are
  thus ratios or fractions, with values between 0
  (no risk) and 1 (totally risky).

50
Paragraph 7-1

• By reducing all risks to ratios or fractions of
  this sort, we can begin to compare different
  sorts of riskslike mining versus riding in a
  car. The larger this ratio, that is, the closer
  it is to 1, the riskier the activity in question.
  In the case just discussed, we would find the
  relative safety of car travel and coal mining by
  dividing the numbers of lives lost in each by the
  number of people participating in each. Here, it
  is clear that the riskiness of traveling by car
  is about 1 death per 10,000 passengers with
  mining, the risk level is about 4 deaths per
  10,000 miners.

16
17
51
Paragraph 7-2

• So although far more people are killed in car
  accidents than in mining, the latter turns out to
  be four times riskier than the former. Those
  ratios enable us to compare the risks of
  activities or situations as different as apples
  and oranges. If you are opposed to risks, you
  will want to choose your activities by focusing
  on the small-ratio exposures. If you are
  reckless, then you are not likely to be afraid of
  higher ratios unless they get uncomfortably large.

18
4
52
Paragraph 8

• Once we understand that risk can never be totally
  eliminated from any situation and that,
  therefore, nothing is completely safe, we will
  then see that the issue is not one of avoiding
  risks altogether but rather one of managing risks
  in a sensible way. Risk management requires two
  things common sense and information about the
  character and degree of the risks we may be
  running.
• (963 words)

53
Note 1

• smoked meat ??
• It is known that artificially smoked meats like
  bacon (???) and ham (??) contain nitrates (???)
  which are carcinogenic (???) substances.

54
Note 2

• air bag ????(???,???????????,??????????)

55
Note 3

• But what if the bag accidentally inflates while
  you are driving down the highway, thus causing an
  accident that would never have occurred
  otherwise?What if... means what would happen
  if...
• What if it rains when we cant get under
  shelter?Here otherwise means if you hadt
  placed an air bag in your car.
• ??????????????????????????,????????????,????????
  ???????,????????

56
Note 4

• compare the risks of activities or situations as
  different as apples and oranges means compare
  two totally different things that seem to be not
  comparable".

57
Difficult Sentence 1

• At some time or other, all of us have played the
  part of a hypochondriac, imagining that we have
  some terrible disease on the strength of very
  minor symptoms.

???????????,????????????????????????????????????
????
58
Difficult Sentence 2

• Some people just have to hear about a new disease
  and they begin checking themselves to see if they
  may be suffering from it.

???????have to??????????,??????????,???? ???????
?????????,????????????????????
59
Difficult Sentence 3

• But fear of disease is not our only fear, and
  neither is risk of disease the only risk we run.

??????,??????????????????,???????????????????
60
Difficult Sentence 4

• And from these threats come questions that we
  must pose to ourselves

??????????????????????
61
Difficult Sentence 5

• Are toys for my children likely to hurt them?

??????????????????
62
Difficult Sentence 6

• Anxiety about the risks of life is a bit like
  hypochondria in both, the fear or anxiety feeds
  on partial information.

???????????????????????????????????????
63
Difficult Sentence 7

• The hypochondriac can usually turn to a physician
  to get a definitive clarification of the
  situationeither you have the suspected disease
  or you dont.

??????????????????,??????????????????,??????
64
Difficult Sentence 8

• It is much more difficult when anxiety about
  other forms of risk is concerned, because with
  many risks, the situation is not as simple.

?????????????????,????????,?????????,?????????
65
Difficult Sentence 9  

• But what if you get hit from the side and end up
  trapped inside the vehicle, unable to escape
  because of a damaged seat belt mechanism?

?????????????,???????????????,??????
66
Difficult Sentence 10

• Again, in head-on collisions, it may well save
  your life.

??????,?????????????,?????????????
67
Difficult Sentence 11

• There are risks, often potentially serious ones,
  associated with every hobby we have, every job we
  take, every food we eatin other words, with
  every action.

???????????often potentially serious
ones????,?????/?????????????????????????,??risks?a
ssociated with??????(????,????(that)????)???????
???????,??with??????associated? ????????(?????????
)????????????????????????????,????,?????????????
68
Difficult Sentence 12

• But the fact that there are risks associated with
  everything we are going to do does not, or should
  not, reduce us to trembling neurotics.

??????????????the fact,???that there are risks
associated with everything we are going to do
?????,??we are going to do??everything?????? ?????
?????,???????????????????,??????????????
69
Difficult Sentence 13

• The point is to inform ourselves about the
  relevant risks and then act accordingly.

???????????????????,???????
70
Difficult Sentence 14

• The answer is that you are roughly twice as
  likely to die in a serious crash in a small car
  than in a large one.

????????????that??????????? ????????????????????
???????????????????
71
Difficult Sentence 15

• By contrast, only about 300 die per year in mine
  accidents and disasters.

???? by contrast??????????? ????????,?????????????
????????
72
Difficult Sentence 16

• The larger this ratio, that is, the closer it is
  to 1, the riskier the activity in question.

??????????????? ??????????,???????1,
???? ??????????
73
Difficult Sentence 17

• In the case just discussed, we would find the
  relative safety of car travel and coal mining by
  dividing the numbers of lives lost in each by the
  number of people participating in each.

????????by dividing ?????????,??????,lost in
each?lives???,each? car travel ?mining???in
case??????????,??(??)??? ?????????????,?????????
?????????????????????????????????
74
Difficult Sentence 18

• So although far more people are killed in car
  accidents than in mining, the latter turns out to
  be four times riskier than the former.

??????,?????????????????????,?????????????
75
Summary of the text

• This text mainly deals with the risks in our
  daily life. The author thinks that risks are
  almost always a matter of probability rather than
  certainty and nothing we do is completely safe.
  The author makes a comparison between
  hypochondria and anxiety about the risks of life.
  He explains how to measure the risk level of
  activities by means of ratio or fraction. At last
  the conclusion he draws is that the problem is
  not to avoid risks but to manage them in a
  sensible way, which includes two things common
  sense and information about the character and
  degree of the risks we may be running.

76
Menu of Post-Reading

• Reading Comprehension
• Understanding the Organization of the Text
• Understanding Specific Information
• Group Discussion

77
1. The Organization of the Text 3-1

• 1) Directions Work in groups to answer the
  following questions based on the information you
  get from Paragraphs 13.

A. What is the main idea of this part? Risks
are always a matter of ___________ rather than
_________. B. How does the author support
this main idea? The author supports the main
idea by means of a comparison between
____________and____________ _____________,
and an analysis of injury prevention.
probability
certainty
hypochondria

anxiety about the risks of life
78
The Organization of the Text 3-2

• 2) Directions Work in groups to complete the
  following diagram with the information you get
  from Paragraphs 47. Some boxes have been partly
  done for you.
• Risk level number of casualties / total
  number of participants

79
The Organization of the Text 3-3
We should inform ourselves about the
______________ before making any decision.
(Para.4)
Example 1 We need to know the relative safety of
__________ and __________ before our purchase.
relevant risks
large cars
small cars
Example 2 Which activity is ____________________or
_______? (Para.6)
Problem How do we measure the _____ of a risk?
(Para.6)
level
riskier, riding in a car
mining
Solution Risk levels can be expressed in ______
or _________. (Para.67)
______ is four times riskier than
_____________. (Para.7)
Mining
riding in a car
ratios
fractions
80
2. Understanding Specific Information 3-1

• 1) What Is Risk?

Directions Many times an idea is best understood
when it is compared with something else. Often
authors will intentionally compare one idea with
another in order to clarify or emphasize a
particular idea or point of view. Work in groups
to make comparisons between hypochondria and
anxiety about the risks of life.
81
Understanding Specific Information 3-2
Similarity Difference
Hypochondria
Anxiety about the risks of life
The hypochondriac can turn to a physician to get
a definitive clarification of the situation.
In both cases, the fear or anxiety feeds on
partial information.
Risks are a matter of probability rather than
certainty.
82
Understanding Specific Information 3-3
2) How Do We Measure the Risk Level?

• Directions Fill in the blanks with the
  information from the passage.

Total number of deaths People involved in the activity The risk level
Traveling by car
Coal mining
200 million
1/10,000
25,000
300
700,000
4/10,000
83
3.Group Discussion 2-1

• Directions The following pie chart indicates the
  relative risks of different means of
  transportation in America. Work in groups to
  answer the following questions.
• 1) Which means of transportation is safer,
  airplanes or cars?
• Samples

• I think airplanes are safer because the relative
  risk level of airplanes is almost ten times lower
  than that of cars.

84
Group Discussion 2-2

• 2) Why do most people fear airplane accidents
  more than car accidents?
• Sample

• Perhaps because airplane crashes are almost
  always fatal. And it seems unsafe to fly in the
  air, which causes psychological uneasiness in
  peoples mind.

This is the end of Reading-Centered
Activities. Click the return button to go back to
the menu.
85
Home
86
Unit 6 Menu of Further Development

• Case Study
• Sample VideoVolcano
• Personal Safety
• Writing

87
1.Case Study

• STEP ONE
• Directions Read the following description of a
  real situation carefully.

88
A Real Situation

• One afternoon you go for a long walk in the
  forest with your 10-year-old son and your
  14-year-old nephew.The weather is pleasant but
  cool. The night temperature might drop to 0? or
  lower. You become lost.
• You have no equipment or food except some raisins
  (???) and chocolate bars.
• How can you get help or find your way again?

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STEP TWO

• Directions Discuss the various risks involved
  in each of the following possibilities. Then
  choose the safest one and explain your choice.

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Choice-1

• You leave the two children and swim across a lake
  where you think there might be houses.

• Possibility 1 Swimming across a lake in cold
  weather is extremely dangerous. Leaving two young
  children alone in the woods is unwisesomething
  unexpected could happen to them. And if you
  drown, they might never be found.

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Choice-2

• You stay with the 10-year-old boy and send the
  14-year-old boy to explore a path you think might
  lead to the main path.

• Possibility 2 Letting the 14-year-old boy go
  alone to try to find the right path is very
  foolish. He could fall and hurt himself or he
  could get lost and get very frightened.

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Choice-3

• You decide not to move and spend the night in the
  forest in the hope that someone will find you.

• Possibility 3 Not moving and spending the night
  in the forest is also risky. The temperature
  might drop, you might be very cold and you still
  might not be found the next day.

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Suggestion

• All three possibilities are full of risks. But,
  if you are a very good swimmer and you are fairly
  confident that there are houses on the other side
  of the lake, then Possibility 1 would be a fairly
  safe choice. If you are quite confident that
  people might start looking for you in daylight,
  then Possibility 3 might be a safe choice. If you
  huddle close together, you will be able to keep
  warm. Getting sleep or rest will help conserve
  your energy.

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Sample video

• Volcano

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2.Personal Safety

• Directions Accidents are the major cause of
  death for people between the ages of 1 and 44.
  The following picture shows the number of deaths
  caused by various types of accidents. Work in
  groups to do the following tasks.

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The Picture
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Task-1

• Describe the figure in your own words.

• e.g. Falls account for about 15 percent of all
  accidental deaths.
• Or About 15 percent of all accidental deaths
  are caused by falls.

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Task-2

• Describe the figure in your own words

• Motor vehicle accidents account for the largest
  number (59.0) of all accidental deaths.
• Only about 2.5 of all accidental deaths are
  caused by firearms.

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Task-3

• Suggest ways of preventing accidents.

• Suggested ways of preventing accidents reduce
  the speed limit make less powerful cars never
  go swimming alone and be careful not to swim in
  dangerous areas keep poisons out of reach of
  children ban all firearms never ride a
  motorcycle without wearing a helmet and
  protective gear wear a safety belt on the
  highway wear a life jacket when swimming...

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3.Writing

• Directions Write a composition entitled Are
  Environmental Risks Worth Taking? based on the
  results of your discussion in Activity 1. Your
  article should be no less than 120 words.
  Remember to write neatly.

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Sample 1

• Yes, environmental risks are worth taking. China
  is a great nation and she must compete in the
  modern world. In order to do this, she has to
  take risks of all kinds. Pollution is one of the
  major consequences of technological and economic
  growth.

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Sample 1-2

• If stricter controls are placed on companies and
  if laws are made to help limit pollution, we can
  reduce the risks on the environment.
  Unfortunately, installing anti-pollution devices
  on chimneys and cleaning up the rivers and lakes
  are very costly.

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Sample 1-3

• It is too late to turn back. The market economy
  has brought many good changes that have improved
  peoples lives. Progress of any kind has always
  involved risks. We must be prepared to take risks
  in order to move ahead. However, we must not move
  blindly. We must remain vigilant with regard to
  the environmental consequences of our economic
  development. We must not proceed so quickly that
  we put the health of the population at risk.
• 
  (160 words)

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Sample 2

• No, environmental risks are not worth taking. Man
  has already done too much damage to the planet.
  We will all suffer the consequences of increased
  global warming, massive pollution of rivers and
  oceans, and continued destruction of forests. We
  must start looking for more ways to improve the
  environment rather than continuing to damage it.

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Sample 2-2

• Of course, we all want to have a more
  comfortable life. We want to be able to buy more
  and more things. But at what cost? If we produce
  more garbage, if we pollute the air, the land and
  the great rivers, we will suffer. We will not be
  able to breathe fresh air or drink clean water.
  Health risks will increase and our life span will
  decrease.

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Sample 2-3

• The environmental risks we are taking today are
  not worth taking in the long run. The short-term
  gains are not worth the long-term pain and
  suffering.
• 
  (165 words)

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This is the end of Unit 6