Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport

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Hilton Hotel at BWI Airport
Nathan Patrick The Pennsylvania State
University Architectural Engineering Mechanical
Option
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Presentation Outline

• Project Background Info
• Existing Mechanical Systems
• Design Objectives
• Mechanical Systems Design
• Energy Analysis
• Overall Cost Analysis
• Acoustical Analysis
• Lighting Analysis
• Conclusions

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Project Background Info
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Project Background Info
Hilton Hotel

• Location Linthicum
• Heights, MD
• Less than 2 miles
• from BWI Airport)

BWI Airport
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Project Background Info

• Project Information
• Function Full-service hotel
• Project Cost 27 million (estimated)
• Size 277,000 sq ft (gross)
• Delivery Method Design-Build
• Construction Dates June 2005 - October 2006

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Existing Mechanical Systems
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Existing Mechanical Systems

• Condenser water boiler loop
• (2) induced-draft cooling towers
• (3) natural gas boilers
• WSHPs in all 279 guest rooms
• (4) VAV AHUs
• VAV boxes with
• hot water reheat
• (6) CAV RTUs

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Existing Mechanical Systems

• Value Engineering
• Eliminated (2) ACUs for guest room ventilation
• Approved variance transfer air from corridors
• into guest rooms and operable windows
• Eliminated (2) chillers
• AHUs and RTUs
• operate like heat
• pumps on condenser
• water loop

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Design Objectives
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Design Objectives

• Main Goal ? Increase Energy Efficiency
• Other goals
• Decrease life cycle costs
• Decrease annual energy
• consumption
• Reduce emissions
• Improve indoor air quality
• of guest rooms
• Incorporate sustainability
• Use design innovation

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Mechanical Systems Design
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Mechanical Systems Design

• Chilled water plant design
• Chilled water and condenser water systems
• System characteristics
• Water-side free cooling savings
• Impact on air-side equipment
• Guest room indoor air quality
• Equipment selection

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Chilled Water Plant Design

• Design Process
• Determine building cooling load
• 1. CHW flow distribution
• 2. CHW system characteristics
• 3. CW system characteristics
• 4. Chiller selection
• 5. Adjust cooling tower selection
• 6. Optimize piping design and pumps
• 7. Optimize control sequences
• 8. Calculate life cycle costs

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Chilled Water System

• 700 ton peak cooling load
• Variable primary flow with parallel pumping
• CHWS 44 F, ?T 12 F
• 2.0 gpm/ton ? 1400 gpm

• (2) parallel centrifugal chillers with VSDs
• 50/50 loads, 350 tons each
• R-123 or R-134A refrigerant choices

Flow Characteristics
Refrigerants
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Condenser Water System

• 2-cell, induced-draft cooling towers
• CWS 85 F, ?T 10 F
• 3.0 gpm/ton ? 2100 gpm

• Fan control with VSDs
• Efficiency gt 70 gpm/hp
• 1200 or 1800 rpm fan motor speed choices

Flow Characteristics
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Water-Side Free Cooling

• Advantages
• Decreases chiller energy usage
• Reduces operating costs

• Disadvantages
• Uses more cooling tower fan energy
• Limited operating hours

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Water-Side Free Cooling

• Saves almost 3 of HVAC energy usage
• Saves 12,000 or 5 of annual operating costs

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Air-Side Equipment Impact

• Changes
• (4) AHUs changed to CHW cooling coils
• (5) RTUs changed to CHW cooling coils
• and HW preheat and reheat coils
• Stayed the Same
• Space zoning
• Ventilation sizing
• VAV box layout
• Duct sizing

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Guest Room IAQ

• (2) new DOAS units - 60 cfm per room
• (2) energy recovery wheels, VSDs on both
• Enthalpy wheel 3A molecular sieve, desiccant
  coating
• Passive dehumidification wheel adsorbent
  desiccant

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Guest Room IAQ

• 4-pipe FCUs instead of WSHPs or 2-pipe FCUs
• No compressor at each unit
• No seasonal changeover
• Increased flexibility
• Increased energy efficiency
• 60 cfm of direct ventilation air
• From DOAS units

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Equipment Selection

• (2) Trane CenTraVac centrifugal chillers
• (2) Marley NC-Class induced-draft cooling towers
• (4) Bell Gossett 1510 series end-suction pumps
• (2) for CHW system and (2) for CW system
• (288) Carrier Airstream fan coil units
• (4) Carrier Aero air handling units
• (5) Carrier Aero CAV rooftop units
• (1) plate-and-frame heat exchanger

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Energy Analysis
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Energy Analysis

• Energy Usage
• Comparison
• Uses 82 less electric, but 28 more natural
  gas
• Uses 53 less total energy

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Energy Analysis

• Energy Cost
• Comparison
• per Year
• New HVAC design cost 78 less than
  original

• Lights and electric stayed about the same

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Overall Cost Analysis
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Overall Cost Analysis
New First Costs
Used First Costs
Original First Costs
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Overall Cost Analysis

• First costs 40 more
• Annual costs
• 78 less

Life Cycle Cost Comparisons
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Acoustical Analysis
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Chiller Acoustical Analysis
Sound Pressure Levels
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Chiller Acoustical Analysis
Transmission Loss Calculations
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FCU Acoustical Analysis
Sound Power Calculations

• RC-30?
• No

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FCU Acoustical Analysis
Adjusted Sound Power Calculations

• RC-35?
• Yes

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Lighting Analysis
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Lighting Analysis

• Lighting Options
• Original incandescent lamps
• Change to compact fluorescent lamps
• (2) surface mounted CFL options
• (2) surface mounted
• disk options
• CFL and circular
• fluorescent
• Combination of SM
• disk and CFL lamps

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Lighting Analysis
Energy Savings Electric Cost Savings
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Lighting Analysis
Lamp Cost Savings Yearly Total Savings
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Conclusions
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Conclusions

• Central chilled water plant benefits
• Increased energy efficiency
• Reduced life cycle costs
• Improved guest room IAQ
• Decreased overall energy usage
• Reduced emissions
• Overall better system

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Acknowledgements

• Thank you to everyone for their support!!
• My loving parents and brother, Jared
• Julie I couldnt have survived without you!!
• Entire AE class of 2006 you guys are awesome
• Big Jay, B-rad, Senk, and Roni
• The entire AE Department
• Moses, Dr B, and JJ
• Southland Industries, Inc
• Scott Winkler and Andy Tech
• And most importantly God

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Questions...
and Answers
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Thank you!