The New Deal

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The New Deal

• Objective Students will explore the
  implementation of FDRs New Deal on the American
  economy in the 1930s in order to assess its
  initial and lasting impact on America.

Warm Up Pretend you are a newspaper journalist
and you are covering the election of 1932. Use
the following words to write your article on the
election. Make sure you explain the words in your
sentence. - Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Public
Works - Herbert Hoover - Campaign -
Unemployment - Democrat - Landslide
Victory - Great Depression
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President Herbert Hoover Rugged Individualism

• Believed government should play LITTLE AS ROLE AS
  POSSIBLE in private affairs
• Too much government control was un-American
• Hoover believed in an associative state
  volunteer partnership between government and
  business (not BOUND forever)

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Efforts of Hoover to fix American Economy

• Hoover Dam Government/business venture ? to
  build Hoover Dam to harness Colorado River
• Reconstruction Finance Corporation? authorized 2
  billion in direct government loans to struggling
  banks and insurance companies
• Federal Home Loan Bank ? help people get
  homes/not foreclose

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Hoover loses Americas support

• Americans wondered why he wouldnt give direct
  aid to people (But hed help the banks with the
  RFC)
• Bonus Army ? 15,000 WW1 veterans who came to
  Washington to get their War Bonus
• They camped out and protested for their money
  until they were violently kicked out ( veterans
  were injured and killed)

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Veterans wanted War payment early because they
were starving/poor
Sign reads No Pay, All Stay
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Violence toward the Bonus Army made Hoover look
HEARTLESS and HELPLESS
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1932 Election

• Americans were homeless, jobless, hungry
• Blamed President Hoover
• Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) unseated Hoover
  (beat him in the Election)
• FDRs campaign ? Promised relief for the poor and
  more public works campaigns (jobs)
• FDR claimed the only thing Hoover has done since
  the Great Depression started is DENY the
  Depressions existence
• FDR and Democrats had a LANDSLIDE victory

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Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt

• FDR appealed to America optimistic
• FDR used the radio to talk to the American people
  (new idea in 1933!)
• FIRESIDE CHATS spoke personally to the American
  people about new programs and hope
• FDR wanted to use government to try to solve
  economic crisis (unlike Pres. Hoover)
• Eleanor Roosevelt 1st ACTIVE 1st Lady
• Eyes and Ears to the American People to FDR

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FDRs Fireside Chats
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FDR stops the Bank Crisis

• Americans had no confidence in the banks did
  not want to put their money in banks
• FDR issued an executive order and CLOSED ALL
  BANKS ? Bank Holiday
• Emergency Bank Act ? gave govt. ability to
  investigate each bank to find ways to fix
• In only a few days ? bank confidence was back
  (people started to put their money back in)
• FDIC ? Federal Bank Insurance (money in bank is
  insured)

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FDRs Hundred Days/New Deal

• Hundred Days period of critical government
  activity to end the G. Depression
• Relief, Recovery, Reform
• Relief for those suffering the effects of the
  Depression
• Recovery of the depressed economy (jobs and
  money)
• Reform that would prevent serious economic
  crisis in the future
• Alphabet Soup of programs
• CCC? Civilian Conservation Corps (jobs for young
  men)
• AAA ? Agricultural Adjustment Act

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A spoonful of FDRs Alphabet Soup

• CCC Civilian Conservation Corps ? People were
  paid to work on conservation projects
• AAA Agricultural Adjustment Act ? gave farmers a
  subsidy, a payment to grow fewer crops
• NIRA National Industrial Recover Act ? called
  for businesses to act together to set wages and
  production levels
• SEC Securities and Exchange Commissions ?
  Organization founded to oversee the stock market

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Trouble For the New Deal

• NEW DEAL MARKED SIGNIFICANT SHIFT IN THE
  RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND THE AMERICAN
  PEOPLE
• ? NOW a Central role in their lives (Parenting
  Role)
• Some Americans were against the New Deal
• Many did not feel the New Deal went far enough
  for certain people (Old Age people especially)
• Some people felt it was UNAMERICAN and
  ANTI-BUSINESS
• The Supreme Court decided that many New Deal
  programs were unconstitutional because the
  changed the BALANCE OF POWER between the
  president, Congress, and courts.
• The courts did stop/slow down many New Deal
  Programs
• 1936 US v. Butler ? Found AAA unconstitutional
  (tax used to raise money for farm subsidies was
  unconstitutional)

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Second Hundred Days

• In early 1935 the country had not gotten back on
  its feet completely (2 years of New Deal
  already)
• FDR pushed through a bunch of new initiatives ?
  called The Second New Deal
• Control of banking industry
• Higher taxes for wealthy Americans
• Relief programs putting people to work (WPA
  employed millions of people building roads,
  subways, and airports. Also work for artists and
  writers)
• Social Security Act guaranteed an income for
  those over 65 and UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE

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1937 A troubled year for FDR and America

• Stock Market DROPPED and UNEMPLOYMENT rose
• SHOWED MANY AMERICANS THAT NEW DEAL HADNT FIXED
  THE AMERICAN ECONOMY
• America had a huge DEFICIT (when government
  spends more money than it takes in)
• This worried many Americans (govt. did not work
  in a deficit before the New Deal Balanced
  budget was considered smart)
• Supreme Court had worked to break FDRs New Deal
  Programs
• Argued that too much power had been given to
  Executive Branch (and taken from Congressional
  Branch)
• FDR tried to pack the courts with Justices who
  liked his programs (and would vote his way)
• See next slide for detailed explanation

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FDRs Court Packing Plan

• Court in 1935 (4 to 3 against ND)
• FDRs ideal Court (6 to 4 FOR ND)

Three new judges added that favored FDRs programs
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New Roles for Women and African Americans Roles
for some, opportunities for ONLY a few

• Frances Perkins and Eleanor Roosevelt
• White males enjoyed most opportunities during the
  New Deal
• Black Cabinet Many African American hired to
  fill posts in FDRs cabinet, Black Cabinet acted
  as advisor to FDR on African American issues
• African Americans faced tremendous hardships in
  1930s
• Most New Deal programs left them out
• Thousands of sharecroppers and tenant farmers
  suffered and did not qualify for the New Deal
  programs like unemployment or Social Security.

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What were some New Deal Programs? (Use chart on
page 712 to fill in two programs for each
category.)
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FDR and the New Deal
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Group Work Investigating the New Deal

• Objective Create a collection of posters
  illustrating important New Deal aspects.
• - Students will choose a group of between 2 and
  4 people.
• - Each student will have at least ONE role
  (total of 4 roles)
• - Students will work together to create a group
  poster on their assigned topic.
• ROLES
• EXPLAINER Summarize the MAIN POINTS of the topic
  in between 6 and 10 sentences OR bullet points
• ILLUSTRATOR Create AT LEAST two illustrations
  that explain the topic.
• 1st PERSON DESCRIBER Create a written piece
  pretending you are living in the 1930s that
  explains important aspects from your section.
  MUST USE ANY VOCAB FROM THE SECTION (similar to
  the Warm Up from today where you wrote an
  article)
• QUESTIONER Come up with three questions about
  the section which are not answered in the book.
  Then use the computer to find the answers to
  these questions.

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Warm Up Use Chapter 22.4 to fill in 3 to 4
impacts of the New Deal
Impact of the New Deal on America
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Warm UP Use the information in Chapter 22.4 to
answer the questions to understand the impact of
New Deal programs on America
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