REVIEW: Types of Respiration and Fermentation

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REVIEW Types of Respiration and Fermentation

• AEROBIC ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
• LACTIC ACID ALCHOLIC FERMENTATION

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RESPIRATION

• The two types of respiration are distinguished by
  the presence or absence of oxygen
• Not all living things need oxygen to survive and
  even those who do can often continue cellular
  activities with small amounts of oxygen present.

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AEROBIC RESPIRATION

• Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of
  oxygen. (Aerobic means with air)
• The products of aerobic respiration are carbon
  dioxide, water and ATP.
• One glucose molecule (C6H12O6) can produce 36 ATP
  molecules. The following formula summarizes the
  reactions involved in aerobic respiration
• C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O 36 ATP (energy)
• Energy is transferred from one molecule to
  another by making and breaking bonds.

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AEROBIC RESPIRATION

• During aerobic respiration, a larger number of
  hydrogen atoms are removed from glucose molecules
  than in anaerobic respiration.
• Every time a hydrogen atom is released an
  electron enters the electron transport chain.
• This allows aerobic respiration to produce more
  energy in the form of ATP than anaerobic
  respiration.

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AEROBIC RESPIRATION

• Oxygen is so important to this process because it
  is the final acceptor in the electron transport
  chain without it the process would stop.
• What types of exercises use aerobic respiration?

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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

• Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence
  of oxygen.
• There are two types of anaerobic respiration
  lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic
  fermentation

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Lactic acid fermentation occurs in the cells of
  animals, in particular in the hardworking muscle
  cells.
• Glucose is partially broken down into lactic acid
  and energy is released in the process.
• Commercial Uses making yogurts and sauerkraut

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Due to the fact that glucose is only partially
  broken down, many hydrogen atoms are still
  attached to the glucose molecules which means
  there is energy left over that has not been
  released.

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Due to the fact that only a few chemical bonds
  are broken during lactic acid fermentation only 2
  molecules of ATP are produced.
• If oxygen was available, the lactic acid (C3H6O3)
  could be oxidized (more hydrogen removed) and
  more energy could be released.

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Lactic Acid Fermentation

• During strenuous exercise lactic acid can
  accumulate in the muscles when insufficient
  amounts of oxygen are being delivered to the
  muscles.
• An accumulation of lactic acid causes pain and
  cramping in the area which will increase and
  intensify if exercise continues.
• What types of exercise use this form of anaerobic
  respiration?

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Alcoholic Fermentation

• Alcoholic fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of
  yeast cells.
• Alcoholic fermentation also only produces 2
  molecules of ATP.
• During alcoholic fermentation an enzyme is used
  to break down glucose molecules and the result is
  carbon dioxide (CO2) and alcohol (C2H5OH).
• Commercial Uses baking bread, making wine and
  beer

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Alcoholic Fermentation

• Yeast is used to make bread due to the fact that
  the carbon dioxide gas released during
  fermentation causes the bread to rise. The
  alcohol released evaporates during the baking
  process.

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Alcoholic Fermentation

• Yeast is also used in the brewing industry for
  alcoholic beverages.
• Champagne bubbles due to the release of CO2 gas.

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Alcoholic Fermentation

• The alcohol molecules still contain most (93) of
  the energy that was originally found in the
  glucose molecule.
• Alcohol could be used as a very valuable and
  clean source of fuel for energy and
  transportation.
• Alcohol can be burned in the presence of oxygen
  and the result is a clean fuel with by products
  of carbon dioxide and water.

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Final Review

• RESPIRATION What organisms use cellular
  respiration? What form of energy is glucose
  transferred into? How is this energy transferred
  from molecule to molecule?
• AEROBIC RESPIRATION What is it and what are its
  benefits?
• ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION What is it and what are
  its benefits?
• LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION What are the final
  products and what is it used for?
• ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION What are the final
  products and what is it used for?