THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF DRUGS

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THERAPEUTIC ACTIONOFDRUGS

• JIBU
• XII-O

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRUGS

• ANTACIDS
• ANTIHISTAMINES
• NEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS
• ANTIMICROBIALS
• ANTIFERTILITY DRUGS

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ANTACIDS

• The chemical substances which neutralize excess
  acid in the gastric juices and give relief from
  acid indigestion,acidity,heart burns and gastric
  ulcers are called antacids eg.baking soda
• Metal hydroxides are better alternatives because
• of being insoluble,these do not increase pH
  above neutrality. These treatments control only
  symptoms ,and not the cause .

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ANTIHISTAMINES

• Substances derived from food or environment may
  cause allergic reaction in human beings . This is
  due to the release of chemical substances called
  histamine.
• Antihistamines are chemical substances which
  diminish or abolish the main actions of histamine
  released in the body hence prevent the allergic
  reaction.
• Synthetic drugs, Dimetapp and seldane act as
  antihistamines. They interfere with the natural
  action of histamine by competing with histamine
  for binding sites of receptor where histamine
  exerts its effect.

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NEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS

• TYPES OF NAD
• TRANQUILIZERS
• ANALGESICS
• NON-NARCOTIC DRUGS
• NARCOTIC DRUGS

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TRANQUILIZERS

• The chemical substances used for the treatment of
  stress,mild and severe mental disease are called
  tranquillizers.
• These affect the message transfer mechanism from
  nerve to receptor.
• These relieve anxiety ,stress,irritabiltiy or
  excitement by inducing a sense of well-being.

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Antidepressant drugs

• Noradreline is one of the neurotransmitters that
  plays a role in mood changes. If it is low then
  signal sending activity becomes low, and the
  person suffers from depression.
• In these situations antidepressant drugs are
  required.these inhibit the enzymes which catalyse
  the degradation of noradreline.
• If the enzyme is inhibited ,this important
  neurotransmitter is slowly metabolised and can
  activate its receptor for longer periods of
  time,thus counteracting the effect of depression.

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ANALGESICS

• The chemical substances which are used to relive
  pains without causing impairment of
  consciousness,mental confusion,inco-ordination or
  paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous
  system are called analgesics.
• These are of two types
• non-narcotic
• narcotic

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NON-NARCOTIC

• The commom non-addictive analgesics are
  aspirin,analgin,novalgin.
• Aspirin has antipyretic properties also ie
  (temperature lowering).used in the prevention of
  heart attack because it has anti-blood clotting
  action etc

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NARCOTIC

• Certain narcotics are also used as analgesics
  .For eg. Morphine and its derivatives are used in
  severe pain .
• These are known to be habit forming .
• When taken in excessive doses these produce
  stupor coma , convulsions and lead to death .

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ANTIMICROBIALS

• These are the chemical substances used to cure
  infections due to micro-organisms.
• Types of antimicrobial drugs
• Antibiotics
• antiseptics and disinfectants

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ANTIBIOTICS

• Antibiotics refers to a substance (produced
  wholly or partly by chemical synthesis) which in
• low concentration inhibits the growth or
  destroys micro-organisms by intervening in their
  metabolic processes.
• antibiotic therapy may be regarded as setting
  one thief against another.
• the antibiotics maybe either bactericidal
  (kills the organisms in the body ) or
  bacteriostatic(inhibits the growth of organisms) .

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• Penicillin has a narrow spectrum.These can be
  used for curing soar throat,rheumatic fever
  ,local infections ,etc.
• Broad spectrum antibiotics
• these are the antibiotics which are effective
  against several types of harmful micro-organism.
• therefore, these are for curing a variety of
  diseases.The common examples are
  tetracycline,chloromycetin,etc

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ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS

• The chemical substances which are used to either
  kill or prevent the growth of micro-organisms are
  called antiseptics.These are not harmful to
  living tissues . eg. are furacin,soframycin.
• The chemical substances which are used to kill
  micro-organisms but they cannot be applied on
  living tissues are called disinfectants. eg. Are
  chlorine and sulphur dioxide in very low
  concentration.

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ANTIFERTILITY DRUGS

• These are the chemical substances used to control
  the preganancy.The basic aim of antifertility
  drugs is to prevent conception or fertilization.
• Birth control pills contain a mixture of
  synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives.