Introduction to Skin Lesions

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Introduction to Skin Lesions
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Skin Lesions
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Skin Skin is an organ of the Integumentary
System. Skin is the largest organ in the human
body. The skin is the bodies first line of
defense to the outside world. When the skin is
severely damaged, it repairs itself by scarring.
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The Layers of the Skin The skin is made of
three layers Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis
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The Epidermis The outermost Protective Layer
of skin Serves as a waterproof boundary Made
mostly of dead and dying cells New cells are
added at the bottom, and die towards
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The Dermis The middle Working Layer of skin
Contains all the blood vessels, nerve
endings, glands, and connective tissue
Responsible for the sense of touch, sweat
production, oil production, and hair growth
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The Hypodermis Also known as the SubCutis
The bottomost Anchor layer of skin Holds the
upper layers to the rest of the body
Responsible for blood vessel growth within the
dermis. Serves as a storage area for fat.
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Skin Lesions What are they? A skin lesion is a
superficial growth or patch of skin that does not
resemble the area around it Primary Skin
Lesions - variations in the skin surface that may
be present at birth, or develop directly from a
disease Secondary Skin Lesions develop
naturally from a primary lesion, or as a result
of external forces (e.g.. scratching or picking
the skin surface)
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Different Types of Lesions

• Macules and Patch - These Lesions are flat
  patches and cant be felt.
• Papule - Small raised bumps on the skin less than
  10mm.
• Plaque - Raised areas of skin larger than 10mm.
• Nodules - Raised lesions that extend below the
  epidermis.
• Vesicles - Small fluid blisters less than 10mm
  diameter.
• Bullae - Fluid filled blisters larger than 10mm.
• Pustule - Elevated lesions that contain pus.
• Urticaria - Lesion caused by swelling, known as
  hives or wheals.
• Burrow - Linear lesions caused by infestation.
• Telangiectasias - Small dialated blood vessels
  near the skins surface.

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Different Types of Lesions

• Scales - Flakes or plates of compact epidermal
  cells.
• Crust - Dried serum, blood, or pus that
  coagulates on the skin.
• Erosions and Excoriation - Open patches of skin
  caused by loss of
• epidermis.
• Ulcer - Loss of the epidermis and dermis.
• Petachiae - Tiny flat spots caused by bleeding
  through the dermis only.
• Purpura - Larger areas of bleeding through the
  dermis and not the
• epidermis.
• Scars - Lesion formed during the Healing Process
  of a wound.
• Atrophy - The thinning of the skin causing it to
  appear dry and weak.
• Fissures - Linear splits in the skin that extend
  to the dermis.
• Lichenification The thickening of the epidermis.

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Next Couple of Slides Not to Be Viewed By
Those With Weak Stomachs or Faint of Heart.
Please Leave the Room if Gory Images Make
You Nauseous!!!!
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Different Types of Lesions

• Macules and Patch Papule

• Plaque
  Nodules

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Different Types of Lesions
Vesicles
Bullae
Pustule
Urticaria
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Different Types of Lesions

• Burrow Telangiectasias

• Scales Crust

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Different Types of Lesions

• Erosions and Excoriation Ulcer

• Petachiae Purpura

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Different Types of Lesions

• Atrophy Scars

• Lichenification Fissures

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Testing Skin Lesions

• It is very important that any type of lesion
• is seen and treated by a doctor. Certain
• lesion could be cancerous or an
• indication to other life threatening
• conditions. Many times, if caught early,
• what ever is causing the lesion can be

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Diagnosis of Lesions
A doctor can use numerous methods to diagnose a
skin lesion. Most of the times the test depends
on the suspected type of the lesion.
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Treatment of Skin Lesions

• The treatment of skin lesions is highly
  dependent on
• the type of lesion, the severity of it, the
  health of the
• patient, and the disease that caused it.
• Many skin lesions (like freckles and scars)
  dont need to
• be treated, and could just be covered up with
  makeup.
• If it is an allergic reaction, avoiding the
  allergen is
• usually enough.
• Antibiotics work for most infections
• Deep infections might require minor surgery to
  lance
• and drain
• Removal of the lesion is recommended for large
  lesions.
• This may be done surgically (tumors), by
  freezing, or by
• lasers.

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The Touch Sensor

• The touch sensor, is our LEGO version of skin in
  that it
• allows us to feel the world around us using our
  NXT kit.

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The Touch Sensor
The touch sensor is nothing more than a common
switch. When it is pressed a signal is allowed to
flow and when released the signal is blocked.
Because of this it is a very inexpensive sensor
and LEGO gives you two.
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Actions of the Touch Sensor
Actions of theTouch Sensor
When programming the touch sensor there are
three different actions that can be the input to
a programmed response
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Touch Sensor Programming Blocks
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Wait For Touch Action

• The wait for touch sensor block is used for
• delaying the code from continuing until the
• appropriate touch action occurs.

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Loop Until Touch Action

• This icon will repeat what ever code is inside
• of the loop until the selected touch action
• occurs. All of the sensor loops represent a
• form of while loop.

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Touch Sensor Switch

• The touch sensor switch will do one line of
• code or the other depending on which
• action is performed.