Sleep and Dreams

1
Sleep and Dreams

• Mr. Rudolph
• Psychology

2
Consciousness

• Levels of awareness
• Continuum of consciousness
• Controlled processes
• Automatic processes
• Daydreaming
• Altered states of consciousness
• Sleep
• The Unconscious
• Unconsciousness

3
Stages of Sleep

• Alpha (a waves) stagebefore sleep
• Relaxed/drowsy
• Non-REM sleep80
• REM sleep20 (lasts 15-45 minutes)

4
Non-REM sleep

• Stage 1transition (lasts 1-7 minutes)
• Theta (q) waves
• Gradually lose responsiveness/drifting thoughts
• Stage 2real sleep
• More difficult to be awakened
• Sleep spindles
• Body gradually slows down
• Stage 3deepest sleep (lasts a few minutes to an
  hour)
• Delta (D) waves
• Very difficult to be awakened
• Further decreased physiological functioning

5
REM sleep

• REM waves similar to Beta (b) waves
• Body is physiologically aroused, but muscles are
  paralyzed
• Most dreams occur here
• REM sleep helps process info

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Sequence of Stages of Sleep
1000 1100 1200 100 200 300 400 500
REM
1
REM
REM
REM
REM
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
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Sleep Disorders

• Insomnia
• Nondrug treatment
• Drug Treatment
• Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Halcion)
• Nonbenzodiazepines (Ambien)
• Sleep Apnea
• Narcolepsy
• Sleep Disturbances
• Night terrors
• Nightmares
• Sleepwalking

8
Dreams

• Occur several times a night
• Lucid dreamswe can perform absurd acts
• Most dreams are about daily life

9
Freuds theories on dreams

• Manifest content
• Story line of our dreams
• Incorporates the days events
• Censored version of our desires
• Latent content
• Underlying meaning of a dream
• Most adult dreams can be traced back by analysis
  to erotic wishes
• Functions as a safety valve
• Discharges unacceptable feelings

10
Newer theories

• Information processing
• Brain consolidating memories
• Physiological function theories
• Provide brain w/ periodic stimulation
• Brain is trying to make sense of random neural
  activity
• All agree that REM sleep is important