Revolution in Latin America

1
Revolution in Latin America
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Revolution in Haiti

• Saint Dominique- French colony and part of
  Hispaniola.
• Aug 1791 calls for revolution and 100,000 slaves
  rose in revolt
• Toussaint Louverture emerges as a leader
• 1802 French troops landed to dispose of him. He
  tried to barter for an end of slavery in the
  colonies
• He was sent to jail in the French Alps, where he
  died

3
Haitis Independence

• Jean Jacques Dessalines took over the fight and
  in 1804 declared the colony independent
• Haiti was the first black colony to declare
  independence

4
Latin America Sweeps to Freedom

• Sharply divided classes
• Peninsulares- men born in Spain (top of the
  social class)
• Creoles- Spanish born in the New World
• Mestizos- mixed descent- European/Native American
• Mulattos and Africans
• Indians

5
Creoles Spearhead Independence

• Least suppressed and most educated group
• Influenced by Enlightenment ideas

6
Events in Europe Trigger Latin American
Revolutions

• Napoleons conquest triggered revolts in Spanish
  colonies
• No loyalty to French king in Spain

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Libertadores End Spanish Rule

• 2 brilliant generals in South American Wars
• Simon Bolivar- Venezuelan Creole
• Jose de San Martin- Argentinean

8
Bolivars Route to Victory

• 1811- Venezuela declares independence from Spain
  but the fight was not easily won
• 1819- Bogotá victory
• 1821- won Venezuela independence

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San Martin

• 1816- declared Argentine independent
• 1817- w/OHiggins freed Chile
• 1821- heads north toward Peru
• 1822- meets with Bolivar
• San Martin went to Europe and Bolivar took over
  the army and defeated the Spanish at the Battler
  of Ayacucho (Peru) in 1824

10
Mexico Ends Spanish Rule

• 1810- Miguel Hidalgo- call for rebellion
• 1811- Hidalgo defeated by upper classes (Creoles)
• Jose Maria Morelos- led revolution but was
  defeated in 1815

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Mexicos Independence

• 1821 Mexico declares independence
• 1823- Central American states independent

12
Brazil

• Not violent and royal family plays a role
• 1807 Napoleons armies to invade Spain and
  Portugal
• 1822 Creoles demanded Brazils independence from
  Portugal and they get it

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Independence brings disunity

• independence increases poverty
• dream of united Central America fell apart- 1841
  provinces split into El Salvador, Nicaragua,
  Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Honduras