Ch 22: Energy and mineral resources

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Ch 22 Energy and mineral resources

Exam 4 May 3, regular class time Comprehensive
Final Monday, May 10th 1220-210PM Required
ONLY if you missed an exam. Anyone can take it
to replace lowest grade (wont hurt you) HW 5
on Monday, due Friday next week

1. Resources
2. Energy
3. Environmental effects
4. Alternate Energy Sources
5. Mineral resources

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Energy Mineral resources
1) Resources

• Modern civilization.
• Built completely upon materials extracted from
  Earth
• Each of us modern society folk use enormous
  resources
• No country is self-sufficient with its resource
  needs

• Resource renewability
• renewable replenishable in months, years or
  decades
• nonrenewable may take millions of years to
  replenish

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Energy Mineral resources
1) Resources

• Recycling
• some nonrenewable
• resources are recyclable
• (Al)
• some are not (oil)
• some are renewable
• if used at a
• replenishable rate (H2O)

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Growth of the world population
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2) Energy
Energy Mineral resources

• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural gas

• fossil fuels

See Fig. 22.3
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2) Energy
Energy Mineral resources
Fig. 22.4
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2) Energy
Energy Mineral resources
Formation of coal
1. Partially decayed plant litter is compressed
to peat
2. Shallow burial under sediments
Fig. 22.89
3. Further burial
4. Metamorphosis
4.
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2) Energy
Energy Mineral resources
Coal

• major fuel for power plants
• 70 of coal usage electricity
• many problems pollution, health, wastelands
• lots more available
• formation swamps

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2) Energy
Energy Mineral resources
Burning of coal and associated air pollution
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2) Energy
Energy Mineral resources
Petroleum natural gas

• typically found together
• hydrocarbons
• generated from plant/animal matter
• formation marine environment
• must be trapped for preservation

Oil traps

• permeable host rock to store oil/gas
• overlying impermeable rock to trap it

reservoir rock
cap rock
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2) Energy
Energy Mineral resources
See Fig. 22.5
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3) Environmental effects
Energy Mineral resources
Urban air polluition
Transportation (46 of pollution sources) Carbon
monoxide (49 of all primary pollutants)
makes
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3) Environmental effects
Energy Mineral resources
Urban air pollution
Transportation (46 of pollution sources Carbon
monoxide (49 of all primary pollutants)
makes
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
See Fig. 23.6
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3) Environmental effects
Energy Mineral resources
Ice Core Measurements
See Fig. 23.8
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3) Environmental effects
Energy Mineral resources
Global temperature increase since 1860
0line is the average from 1961-1990
See Fig. 23.8
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Energy Mineral resources
4) Alternate energy resources
Supplies 7 of U.S. needs Energy from nuclear
fission Difficulty 1 accidents can happen...
Difficulty 2 what to do w/ hazardous waste
nuclear solar wind hydroelectric geothermal tidal
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Energy Mineral resources
4) Alternate energy resources
Supplies 7 of U.S. needs Energy from nuclear
fission Difficulty 1 accidents can happen...
Difficulty 2 what to do w/ hazardous waste
nuclear solar wind hydroelectric geothermal tidal
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Energy Mineral resources
4) Alternate energy resources
Suns energy Different systems/types Effective
where sunlight is common Expect more in future
nuclear solar geothermal hydroelectric wind tidal
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Energy Mineral resources
4) Alternate energy resources
Suns energy Different systems/types Effective
where sunlight is common Expect more in future
nuclear solar geothermal hydroelectric wind tidal
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Energy Mineral resources
4) Alternate energy resources
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Energy Mineral resources
4) Alternate energy resources
Underground steam/hot water Hardly any
environmental impact Limited life per field
nuclear solar geothermal hydroelectric wind tidal
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Energy Mineral resources
4) Alternate energy resources
Underground steam/hot water Hardly any
environmental impact Limited life per field
nuclear solar geothermal hydroelectric wind tidal
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Energy Mineral resources
4) Alternate energy resources
Underground steam/hot water Hardly any
environmental impact Limited life per field
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4) Alternate energy resources
Energy Mineral resources
Falling water drives turbines 5 of U.S.
electricity Mostly large dams Limited life span
nuclear solar geothermal hydroelectric wind tidal
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4) Alternate energy resources
Energy Mineral resources
Falling water drives turbines 5 of U.S.
electricity Mostly large dams Limited life span
Hydroelectric
nuclear solar geothermal hydroelectric wind tidal
Clean! 1.3 of Californias power Noisy
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4) Alternate energy resources
Energy Mineral resources
Largely untapped Uneconomical if tide lt 25
feet Need enclosed bay
tidal
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Energy Mineral resources
5) Mineral resources
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5) Mineral resources
Energy Mineral resources
Sulfide ores Ore mineral deposit that can be
mined profitably
22.17
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5) Mineral resources
Energy Mineral resources
Magmatic segregation pegmatites Hydrothermal
solutions important ore deposits
Intrusive rocks, a result of fractional
crystallization of granitic magma
Hot, metal-rich fluid migration as vein deposits
or disseminated deposits
Stewart Mines
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5) Mineral resources
Energy Mineral resources
Magmatic segregation pegmatites Hydrothermal
solutions important ore deposits
Intrusive rocks, a result of fractional
crystallization of granitic magma
Hot, metal-rich fluid migration as vein deposits
or disseminated deposits
Quartz Veins in gneiss
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5) Mineral resources
Energy Mineral resources
Magmatic segregation pegmatites Hydrothermal
solutions important ore deposits
Intrusive rocks, a result of fractional
crystallization of granitic magma
Hot, metal-rich fluid migration as vein deposits
or disseminated deposits
Fig. 22.16
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5) Mineral resources
Energy Mineral resources
Magmatic segregation pegmatites Hydrothermal
solutions important ore deposits
Intrusive rocks, a result of fractional
crystallization of granitic magma
Hot, metal-rich fluid migration as vein deposits
or disseminated deposits
Fig. 22.19, Copper mine, Utah
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5) Mineral resources
Energy Mineral resources
Ore deposits and plate tectonics
Fig. 22.2223
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MCs
Energy Mineral resources
Nodules rich in ______ are found on the deep sea
floor away from plate boundaries. A. aluminum B.
gold C. manganese D. potassium
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MCs
Energy Mineral resources
In what plate tectonic setting are copper
porphyry deposits located? A. plate tectonic
setting A B. plate tectonic setting B C. plate
tectonic setting C D. plate tectonic setting D
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MCs
Energy Mineral resources
Large copper porphyry deposits are found in
__________. A. region A B. region B C. region
C D. region D
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MCs
Energy Mineral resources
Nodules rich in ______ are found on the deep sea
floor away from plate boundaries. A. aluminum B.
gold C. manganese D. potassium
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MCs
Energy Mineral resources
What type of ore deposits form where minerals
precipitate from fluids along the walls of faults
and joints? A. disseminated deposits B. placer
deposits C. sedimentary deposits D. vein
deposits
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MCs
Energy Mineral resources
Nuclear energy is derived by the __________ of
235U atoms. A. combustion B. dissolution C.
fission D. fusion
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MCs
Energy Mineral resources
Which of the following correctly identifies X, Y,
and Z? A. X anthracite Y bituminous coal Z
lignite B. X lignite Y anthracite Z
bituminous coal C. X lignite Y bituminous
coal Z anthracite D. X bituminous coal Y
anthracite Z lignite