History of Jazz

1
History of Jazz

• Americas Music

2
What is Jazz?

• A musical conversation partly planned and partly
  spontaneous
• A dialogue among the musicians who perform it.

3
Elements of Jazz

• Improvisation (to make up)
• Rhythmic
• Uses Call and Response
• Most songs have solos

4
Where was Jazz developed?

• New Orleans
• Diverse population African, French, German,
  Italian, Mexican, English, Native American
• Known as a melting Pot

5
Where is Jazz found?

• Night Clubs
• Concert Halls
• Subway Stations
• Sidewalks

• Radio
• TV Shows
• TV Commercials
• Film
• CDs

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Spirituals or Work Songs1612-Present

• Before there was jazz, there was slavery.
• Slaves would sing in the fields to make the work
  day go faster.
• Spirituals are the first church songs. It is
  the roots of Gospel.

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Blues

• Pain of lost love, injustice, or adversity
• Derived from field hollers, work songs, hymns
• Is the basis for R B, Rock N Roll, Country

8
Ragtime 1896-1917

• Primarily uses a solo piano
• Father of Ragtime is Scott Joplin

9
Dixieland 1900-1928

• Typical instrumentation trumpet, clarinet,
  banjo, trombone, piano, tuba, drums.
• Collective Improvisation everyone plays at the
  same time.

10
Jazz 1920-Present

• Roaring 20s
• Instruments Saxophone, clarinet, trumpet, rhythm
  section (piano, bass, guitar, drums)
• Use of Chord Progressions

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Louis Armstrong 1901-1975

• Father of Jazz
• Played the trumpet
• Known as Satchmo when he would sing or scat
  (scatting is the use of words and non-sense
  words)

12
Bebop 1940-1955

• Small Groups
• Designed for improvisation
• Very difficult to play
• Rarely written down
• Named for one of the non-sense words from
  scatting.

13
Afro-Cuban 1950s

• Unites Blues, Swing, Ragtime with various Cuban
  grooves.
• Created by Dizzy Gillespie and Chano Pozo.

14
Cool 1949-1955

• Groups range from trios to nonets.
• Started to use more classical instruments
  Oboe, French Horn, Flute
• Slower pace, loud, more emotional

15
Bossa Nova 1960s

• Brazilian style of music
• Gained a cult following later on due to jazz
  festivals around the world.

16
Hard Bop 1952-1959

• Return to fast-paced jazz.
• Mainly in northern cities

17
Avant Gard/Free Jazz1959-1970

• Not based on chord progressions
• Pushed limits of what they could play and
  audiences could stand

18
Fusion 1969-1990

• Merged Rock N Roll
• Uses electric instruments
• Brought back Jazz into the mainstream

19
Contemporary Jazz 1990-Today

• Main reasons is selling records
• Many styles of the past are still being played
  today.
• The future of jazz is worked out right now

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Big Band Era 1935-1945

• Bands formed as hotel dance bands.
• Fletcher Henderson is 1st band to gain national
  notoriety.
• Ellington/Webb put together bands

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Big Band Contd

• Clubs open all over NYC (Harlem). Duke Ellington
  at the Cotton Club Chuck Webb at the Savoy.
• Only time jazz eclipsed all other forms of music.

22
Benny Goodman

• Brings the swing beat national attention in
  1935.
• Played the Clarinet
• Nicknamed King of Swing

23
Important Facts

• 1913 James Reese Europe records ragtime with
  first all black ensemble.
• 1917 Original Dixieland Jazz Band records first
  jazz record.
• Miles Davis would change the face of jazz 3
  different times (Cool, Hard Bop, Fusion).
• 1935 Microphone is invented

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RCA Victor Talking Machine
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Important People

• Kid Ory
• Duke Ellington
• Jelly Roll Morton
• Miles Davis

• Charlie Parker
• Billie Hollidae
• Ella Fitzgerald
• John Coltrane

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Miles Davis
James Reese Europe
Ella Fitzgerald
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John Coltrane
Jelly Roll Morton
Billie Holiday
Original Dixieland Jazz Band
Kid Ory