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Cycles of Matter

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Cycles of Matter Unlike the one-way flow of energy, matter is _____ The Carbon Cycle In the atmosphere, carbon is present as carbon dioxide. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cycles of Matter


1
Cycles of Matter
  • Unlike the one-way flow of energy,
  • matter is ______________

2
Cycles of Matter
  • Unlike the one-way flow of energy,
  • matter is recycled within and between ecosystems.

3
Cycles of Matter
  • Biogeochemical cycles

4
Cycles of Matter
  • Biogeochemical cycles
  • Process in which elements, chemical compounds,
    and other forms of matter passed from one
    organism to another and from one part of the
    biosphere to another

5
Cycles of Matter
  • Biogeochemical cycles
  • Biological
  • Geological
  • Chemical
  • Cycles are all connected

6
The Water Cycle
  • Evaporation -

7
The Water Cycle
  • Evaporation process by which water changes from
    liquid form to an atmospheric gas

8
The Water Cycle
  • Evaporation process by which water changes from
    liquid form to an atmospheric gas
  • Transpiration -

9
The Water Cycle
  • Evaporation process by which water changes from
    liquid form to an atmospheric gas
  • Transpiration process of water evaporating from
    the leaves of plants

10
The Water Cycle
  • Evaporation and transpiration occur

11
The Water Cycle
  • Evaporation and transpiration occur
  • Sun heats the atmosphere
  • Warm air rises, and eventually cools

12
The Water Cycle
  • 1. Evaporation Sun heats the atmosphere causing
    warm moist air to rise
  • 2. Transporation Heat from the sun causes plants
    to sweat and lose water through stomata into
    the atmosphere.

13
The Water Cycle
  • 3. Condensation Moist warm air will cool the
    higher it rises which causes water vapor to
    condense and forms clouds

14
The Water Cycle
  • 4. Precipitation When enough water condenses it
    will form droplets which will return to Earths
    surface in form of precipitation rain, snow,
    sleet, or hail

15
The Water Cycle
  • 5. Runoff On land, water runs along surface
    until it enters streams, rivers, lakes or the
    ocean

16
The Water Cycle
  • 6. Seepage Some water also seeps into soil and
    becomes ground water and some of this water can
    be soaked up through the roots of plants.

17
The Water Cycle
  • water cycle continue both day night.

18
Nutrient Cycles
19
Nutrient Cycles
  • Benefits -

20
Nutrient Cycles
  • Benefits
  • Every organism needs nutrients to build tissues
    and carry out essential life functions

21
Nutrient Cycles
  • Benefits
  • 1. Every organism needs nutrients to build
    tissues and carry out essential life functions
  • a. Like water, nutrients are passed between
    organisms and the environment through
    biogeochemical processes

22
Nutrient Cycles
  • Benefits
  • 2. In many ecosystems, nutrients are in short
    supply
  • Thus recycling nutrients is essential for the
    ecosystem to keep functioning

23
Nutrient Cycles
  • Benefits
  • 3. Prevents many chemicals from reaching
    concentrations that would otherwise be toxic or
    harmful to organisms

24
Nutrient Cycles
  • Three cycles play especially prominent roles in
    the biosphere

25
Nutrient Cycles
  • Three cycles play especially prominent roles in
    the biosphere
  • The carbon cycle

26
Nutrient Cycles
  • Three cycles play especially prominent roles in
    the biosphere
  • The carbon cycle
  • The nitrogen cycle

27
Nutrient Cycles
  • Three cycles play especially prominent roles in
    the biosphere
  • The carbon cycle
  • The nitrogen cycle
  • The phosphorus cycle

28
The Carbon Cycle
  • There are four different kinds of processes
    involved in the carbon cycle

29
The Carbon Cycle
  • There are four different kinds of processes
    involved in the carbon cycle
  • 1. Biological processes -

30
The Carbon Cycle
  • There are four different kinds of processes
    involved in the carbon cycle
  • 1. Biological processes photosynthesis,
    respiration, and decomposition of plants and
    animals

31
The Carbon Cycle
  • There are four different kinds of processes
    involved in the carbon cycle
  • 2. Geochemical processes release of carbon
    dioxide to atmosphere by volcanoes

32
The Carbon Cycle
  • There are four different kinds of processes
    involved in the carbon cycle
  • 3. Mixed biogeochemical processes burial of
    carbon-rich remains of organisms and their
    conversion into fossil fuels (coal and petroleum)
    by the pressure of overlying earth

33
The Carbon Cycle
  • There are four different kinds of processes
    involved in the carbon cycle
  • 4. Human activity including mining, the burning
    of fossil fuels, and the cutting and burning of
    forests

34
The Carbon Cycle
  • In the atmosphere, carbon is present as carbon
    dioxide.

CO2
CO2
35
The Carbon Cycle
  • 5. In the atmosphere, carbon is present as carbon
    dioxide.
  • a. This carbon dioxide came from
  • 1. Volcanic activity
  • 2. Respiration
  • 3. Burning of fossil fuels
  • 4. Decomposition of organic matter

CO2
CO2
36
The Carbon Cycle
  • Plants take in carbon dioxide

CO2
CO2
37
The Carbon Cycle
  • 6. Plants take in carbon dioxide
  • a. The carbon is used to build carbohydrates
    during photosynthesis

CO2
CO2
38
The Carbon Cycle
  • 7. The carbohydrates are passed along food webs
    to animals and other consumers

CO2
CO2
39
The Carbon Cycle
  • 8. In the ocean organisms use carbon to make
    calcium carbonate

CO2
CO2
40
The Carbon Cycle
  • 8. In the ocean organisms use carbon to make
    calcium carbonate
  • a. This calcium carbonate accumulates in marine
    sediments and in the bones and shells of
    organisms

CO2
CO2
41
The Carbon Cycle
  • b. These calcium carbonate compounds eventually
    break down and the carbon returns to the
    atmosphere

CO2
CO2
42
The Nitrogen Cycle
  • Nitrogen fixation -

43
The Nitrogen Cycle
  • 1. Nitrogen fixation process where nitrogen gas
    is converted to ammonia by bacteria found in
    roots of plants called legumes

44
The Nitrogen Cycle
  • Nitrogen required to make amino acids, which are
    used to build proteins.

N2
NO3- NO2-
NH3
45
The Nitrogen Cycle
  • 2. Nitrogen required to make amino acids, which
    are used to build proteins.
  • 3. When organisms die, decomposers return
    nitrogen to the soil as ammonia

N2
NO3- NO2-
NH3
46
The Nitrogen Cycle
  • 4. nitrogen gas (N2) makes up 78 of atmosphere

N2
NO3- NO2-
NH3
47
The Nitrogen Cycle
  • 4. nitrogen gas (N2) makes up 78 of atmosphere
  • 5. Through nitrogen fixation, nitrogen gas
    converted to ammonia

N2
NO3- NO2-
NH3
48
The Nitrogen Cycle
  • Ammonia (NH3), nitrate ions (NO3-), and nitrite
    ions(NO2-) are found in wastes produced by
    organisms

N2
NO3- NO2-
NH3
49
The Nitrogen Cycle
  • 6. Ammonia (NH3), nitrate ions (NO3-), and
    nitrite ions(NO2-) are found in wastes produced
    by organisms
  • 7. These compounds taken up by producers to make
    proteins

N2
NO3- NO2-
NH3
50
The Nitrogen Cycle
  • 8. Soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen
    gas in process called denitrification

N2
NO3- NO2-
NH3
51
The Phosphorous Cycle
  • 1. Important to living organisms because it forms
    part of DNA and RNA
  • 2. Not very common in biosphere

52
The Phosphorous Cycle
  • 3. Does not enter atmosphere
  • a. Instead it remains mostly on land in rock and
    soil minerals, and in ocean sediments
  • b. As rocks wear down, phosphate is released
  • c. It is released into streams and rivers and
    eventually makes its way to the ocean and is used
    by marine organisms
  • d. On land it is absorbed by plants and passes up
    through the food chain

53
Nutrient Limitation
  • E. Primary productivity rate at which organic
    matter is created by producers.

54
Nutrient Limitation
  • F. Limiting nutrient single nutrient that
    either is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting
    the growth of organisms in an ecosystem

55
Nutrient Limitation
  • Limiting nutrient single nutrient that either
    is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the
    growth of organisms in an ecosystem
  • Examples
  • farmers add fertilizers that contain nitrogen,
    phosphorus, and potassium to their crops

56
Nutrient Limitation
  • Limiting nutrient single nutrient that either
    is scarce or cycles very slowly, limiting the
    growth of organisms in an ecosystem
  • Examples
  • farmers add fertilizers that contain nitrogen,
    phosphorus, and potassium to their crops
  • In freshwater aquatic environment, phosphorus is
    usually the limiting nutrient

57
Nutrient limitation
  • G. Algal bloom immediate increase in the amount
    of algae and other producers that results from a
    large input of a limiting nutrient
  • 1. Often results when runoff from heavily
    fertilized fields increases amount of limiting
    nutrient
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