Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

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Cellular RespirationHarvesting Chemical Energy
ATP
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Burn fuels to make energy
combustion making heat energy by burning fuels in
one step
aerobic respiration making ATP energy ( some
heat) by burning fuels in many small steps
ATP CO2 H2O ( heat)
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Energy needs of life

• All organisms need energy.
• What do we need energy for?
• synthesis (building for growth)
• reproduction
• active transport
• movement
• temperature control (making heat)

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Where do we get energy?

• Energy is stored in organic molecules
• carbohydrates, fats, proteins
• Animals eat these organic molecules ? food
• digest food to get
• fuels for energy (ATP)
• raw materials for building more molecules
• carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids

ATP
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What is energy in biology?
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Whoa! HOT stuff!
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Harvesting energy stored in food

• Cellular respiration
• breaking down food to produce ATP
• in mitochondria
• using oxygen
• aerobic respiration
• usually digesting glucose
• but could be other sugars, fats, or proteins

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Using ATP to do work?
ATP

• Cant store ATP
• too unstable
• only used in cell that produces it
• only short term energy storage

work
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Adenosine DiPhosphate
ADP
A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs
per second
Whoa! Pass me theglucose oxygen!
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Mitochondria Structure

• Double membrane bound organelle
• Contains its own DNA (different from nucleus
  DNA)
• Matrix jelly-like fluid
• Cristae folds of membrane within the
  mitochondria

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Mitochondria are everywhere!!
animal cells
plant cells
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Steps of Cellular Respiration

• 1. Glycolysis (Anaerobic does not require
  oxygen)
• 2. Krebs Cycle (Aerobic- requires oxygen)
• 3. Electron Transport Chain (Aerobic)

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Which of the following is a product of cell
respiration?

1. ATP
2. Glucose
3. Oxygen
4. NADPH

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Cell Respiration takes place in the

1. Chloroplast
2. Nucleus
3. Mitochondria
4. Rough ER

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Which of the following processes requires oxygen?

1. Photosynthesis
2. Aerobic Respiration
3. Anaerobic Respiration
4. Glycolysis

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Which of the following is NOT a stage of cell
respiration?

1. Krebs Cycle
2. Calvin Cycle
3. Glycolysis
4. Electron Transport

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The first step of cellular respiration is

1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb Cycle
3. Calvin Cycle
4. Electron Transport Chain

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Plants conduct which of the following processes?

1. Glycolysis
2. Photosynthesis only
3. Respiration only
4. Both Photosynthesis and respiration

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Glycolysis takes place in the

1. Mitochondrial matrix
2. cytoplasm
3. Cell membrane
4. Cristae of mitochondria

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Which of the following steps of cellular
respiration does not require oxygen?

1. ETC
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Glycolysis

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NAD and FAD
NAD
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Electron Carrier Molecules
NAD can be energized to make NADH FAD2
can be energized to make FADH2
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Step 1 Glycolysis

• Takes place in cytoplasm
• Anaerobic process- no oxygen required
• Splits glucose into two 3-carbon molecules called
  pyruvate
• REACTANTS (IN) 2 ATP, 2 NAD, and 4 ADP
• PRODUCTS 2 ADP, 2 NADH, 4 ATP
• Net gain 2 NADH and 2 ATP

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Step 2 Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

• Takes place in matrix of mitochondria
• Aerobic Process - Uses oxygen
• Electron carriers NADH and FADH2 are produced
  from NAD and FAD
• NADH and FADH2 are go to the Electron Transport
  Chain to be used to make more ATP
• Carbon Dioxide is released
• 2 ATP are produced

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Step 3 Electron Transport Chain

• Takes place in cristae of mitochondria
• Aerobic process uses oxygen
• Uses the NADH produced in Glycolysis the Krebs
  Cycle
• Uses the FADH2 produced in the Krebs Cycle
• Produces 34 ATP!!!!
• Water is released

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What if oxygen is missing?

• No oxygen available cant complete aerobic
  respiration
• Anaerobic respiration
• also known as fermentation
• alcohol fermentation
• lactic acid fermentation
• no oxygen or no mitochondria (bacteria and
• yeast)
• can only make very little ATP
• large animals cannot survive

yeast
bacteria
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Anaerobic Respiration

• Fermentation
• alcohol fermentation
• Yeast (a unicellular fungus that
• Eats glucose and releases CO2
• and alcohol)
• glucose ? ATP CO2 alcohol
• make beer, wine, bread
• lactic acid fermentation
• bacteria, animals
• glucose ? ATP lactic acid
• bacteria make yogurt
• animals feel muscle fatigue

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Got the energy Ask Questions!!
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• 2KClO3(l) ? 2KCl(s) 3O2(g)
• C12H22O11(s) 12O2(g) ? 12CO2(g) 11H2O(l)
  heat