Cell Transport Photosynthesis

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Cell Transport Photosynthesis Respiration
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Solutions

• Most substances move in and out of cells in a
  water solution
• Solution a liquid mixture of solute and solvent
• Solute something being dissolved
• Solvent What it is being dissolved in

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Cell membrane

• Semi-permeable
• Key structure in maintaining homeostasis in the
  cell
• Homeostasis is the balance a cell maintains
  between its internal and external environments

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Passive Transport

• Does not require energy
• Molecules move from a higher concentration to a
  lower concentration
• Three kinds
• Osmosis Movement of water from an area of high
  concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Diffusion molecules move directly through the
  cell membrane
• Facilitated Diffusion Larger molecules need the
  help of a carrier protein

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• Hypertonic solution has higher concentration of
  solutes outside the cell, H2O moves out
• Isotonic has equal amounts of solutes
• Hypotonic has lower concentration of solute in
  the cell, H2O moves in

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Active Transport

• Moves against gradient (From low to high
  concentration)
• Uses energy (ATP) and proteins
• Types
• Endocytosis uses vesicles to bring substances
  into the cell
• Exocytosis Uses vesicles to remove substances
  from the cell

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ATP (Energy Molecule)Provides energy for all
cellular processes.

• Breaking the phosphate bond releases energy
• Forming the phosphate bond stores energy

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• The movement of
• substances into and out of
• a cell without the use of
• energy is called
• Active transport
• Passive transport
• Exocytosis
• Endocytosis
• The movement of water across
• a semi-permeable membrane
• from an area of high water
• concentration to an area of low
• water concentration is called
• Active transport
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Hypotonic

• A cell placed in a solution
• shrinks by the process of
• osmosis. What kind of solution
• is outside the cell?
• Hypotonic
• Hypertonic
• Active
• Isotonic
• If the solution surrounding a cell
• has a lower concentration of
• solutes than inside the cell,
• water will move into the cell
• through osmosis, causing it to
• expand. What kind of solution is
• surrounding the cell?
• Active
• Passive
• Hypertonic

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• If a plant cell is placed in distilled
• water, it will
• Remain the same size
• Shrink
• Swell and eventually explode
• Swell, but stop when the cell wall prevents
  further expansion
• When you perspire on a hot, humid
• day, drinking water will restore
• ______ in your body.
• Substances
• Oxygen
• Homeostasis
• Proteins

• The ability of the cell to rid itself
• of waste products is called
• Excretion
• Elimination
• Voiding
• Absorption

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• When more water goes in through a
• cell membrane than out of it, the
• solution around the membrane is
• Isotonic
• Hypotonic
• Permeable
• Hypertonic
• Amoebas obtain food by wrapping
• the cell membrane around the food
• particle, creating a vesicle. The food
• is then brought into the cell. This
• process is called
• Exocytosis
• Endocytosis
• Osmosis
• Photosynthesis

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Cell Energy

• Photosynthesis and Respiration are important
  processes in the formation of ATP
• Glucose traps energy from sunlight and using
  elements from the environment, converts it into
  glucose which is a form of chemical energy.
• Respiration breaks the glucose into ATP which is
  the form of chemical energy that the cell can use.

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Photosynthesis
LIGHT

• Takes place in chloroplasts (plastid) Goal of
  photosynthesis is to make complex carbohydrates
  like glucose, starch, and cellulose
• 2 stages
• Light-dependant - on the thylakoid membrane
• Light-independent (Calvin cycle) In the stroma

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Cellular Respiration

• Process of breaking down food to get energy
• Used by plants animals and some bacteria
• 2 kinds
• Aerobic when oxygen is present
• Anaerobic when oxygen is absent

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Aerobic Respiration

• Aerobic respiration is the most efficient
  process, 66 of energy is released from glucose.
  (38 ATP)
• The mitochondria is the cell organelle used in
  this process.

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Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation

• Breakdown of sugar without oxygen
• Muscle cells, fungi and some bacteria
• Start with glycolysis and then either make
  alcohol or lactic acid
• Produces the least amount of ATP, only 2 are
  produced during glycolysis
• Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell

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Photosynthesis vs. Respiration

• Plants, some algae, bacteria
• Chloroplast
• Main product
• Glucose
• Factors Effecting
• Temperature
• pH
• Light intensity

• All organisms carry on respiration
• Mitochondria
• Main product
• ATP
• Factors Effecting
• Oxygen levels
• pH
• Temperature

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• What form of energy is
• used by cells?
• Enzymes
• Cofactors
• ATP
• DNA
• The process of releasing
• energy from the chemical
• breakdown of compounds
• in a cell is
• Hesitation
• Expiration
• Elimination
• Respiration

• What is released when ATP is
• broken down into ADP and one
• phosphate?
• Oxygen
• Water
• Energy
• Hydrogen
• The Krebs cycle and the
• electron transport chain phases
• of cellular respiration take place
• in which organelle?
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosome
• Mitochondrion

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• The process by which
• energy from the sun is
• used to create glucose
• molecules is known as
• Cellular respiration
• Photosynthesis
• Chemosynthesis
• Fermentation
• To obtain and use cellular
• energy, plant cells use
• which process below?
• Photosynthesis only
• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration only
• Chemosynthesis

• Cellular respiration takes place
• inside which type(s) of cell(s)?
• An animal cell only
• A plant cell only
• Both plant and animal cells
• Neither plant or animal cells
• How is cellular energy
• stored?
• Chemical bonds
• Enzymes
• Membrane potential
• Protein shapes

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• The chemical energy
• supply for all living cells is
• contained in a molecule that,
• when broken down, releases
• the energy so that it may be
• used for activities such as
• muscle contractions,
• photosynthesis and
• locomotion. Which molecule
• is a storehouse of energy?
• ATP
• DNA
• RNA
• ADP