Alliteration

1
Alliteration

• The repetition of the initial consonant sounds
• Example
• In cliches sweet smell of success, a dime a
  dozen, bigger and better, jump for
  joyWordsworth And sings a solitary song That
  whistles in the wind.

2
Allusion

• A reference to a well-known person, place,
• event, literary work, or work of art.
• Example
• and just as the Apostle Paul left his village
  of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ
  to the far corners of the Greco Roman world
• Letter from Birmingham Jail, Dr. Martin Luther
  King

3
Analogy

• A comparison between two or more things that are
  similar in some ways, but otherwise unalike (a
  metaphor).
• I am going to be toast when I get home.
• This is usually said when someone is in trouble
  with their significant other.  

4
Anaphora

• The deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at
  the beginning of several successive verses,
  clauses, or paragraphs. One of the devices of
  repetition, in which the same phrase is repeated
  at the beginning of two or more lines.
• Example
• I don't like you sucking around, bothering our
  citizens, Lebowski. I don't like your jerk-off
  name. I don't like your jerk-off face. I don't
  like your jerk-off behavior, and I don't like
  you, jerk-off."(Policeman in The Big Lebowski)

5
Antistrophe

• repetition of the same word or phrase at the end
  of successive clauses.
• Example
• In 1931, ten years ago, Japan invaded Manchukuo
  -- without warning. In 1935, Italy invaded
  Ethiopia -- without warning. In 1938, Hitler
  occupied Austria -- without warning. In 1939,
  Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia -- without warning.
  Later in 1939, Hitler invaded Poland -- without
  warning. And now Japan has attacked Malaya and
  Thailand -- and the United States --without
  warning.
• Franklin D. Roosevelt

6
Antithesis

• opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a
  balanced or parallel construction.
• Example
• Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice,
  moderation in the pursuit of justice is no
  virtue.
• Barry Goldwater

7
Aphorism

• a brief saying embodying a moral, a concise
  statement of a principle or precept given in
  pointed words.
• Example
• Imitation is suicide.
• Emerson
• Lost Time is never Found again.
• Franklin

8
Characterization

• the method used by a writer to develop a
  character. The method includes (1) showing the
  character's appearance, (2) displaying the
  character's actions, (3) revealing the
  character's thoughts, (4) letting the character
  speak, and (5) getting the reactions of others.
• Direct and Indirect Characterization
• Example
• The patient boy and quiet girl were both well
  mannered and did not disobey their mother.

9
Connotation

• is an implied meaning of a word the emotional
  content of a word the meaning beyond its literal
  meaning/definition
• Example
• Wall is defined as a solid structure that
  defines or protects an area.
• What images or experiences can you associate the
  word with? Does the word have a positive or
  negative connotation?

10
Diction

• The authors word choice, including the
  vocabulary used, the appropriateness of the
  words, and the vividness of the language
• Diction can be
• Objective/Formal/Unemotional
• The lawn started at the beach and ran toward the
  front door for a quarter of a mile
• The Great Gatsby
• Subjective/Informal/Emotional
• There was a slow, pleasant movement in the air,
  scarcely a wind, promising and cool lovely day.
• DictionToneMood

11
Epithet

• any word or phrase applied to a person or thing
  to describe an actual or attributed quality.
• Example
• Richard the Lion-Hearted is an epithet of
  Richard I.

12
Euphemism

• the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague
  expression for one thought to be offensive,
  harsh, or blunt.
• Example
• Passed awayhas died
• Between jobsunemployed
• Oven in the bunpregnant

13
Foil

• When the traits of one character contrast those
  of another.
• Example
• Romeo foils Tybalt because Romeo is
  compassionate and level-headed and Tybalt is
  fiery and quick to react.
• Think of how Sula and Nel foils one another.

14
Foreshadowing

• Hints or clues that provide insight into what
  will occur in the future.
• Example
• The plaque of robins when Sula returns could
  foreshadow her death.

15
Imagery

• Language that appeals to the senses sight,
  touch, hear, smell, taste
• Example(s)
• sight The rose is bright red with a hint of
  pink.
• hearing It sounds like the chirping of several
  birds, with their high voices.
• smell The air smells like going to the
  countryside, fresh and green. There is no smell
  of smoke, but the fresh waters and the leaves.
• touch It feels bumpy, yet gives off a welcoming
  warmth.
• taste It tastes sweet, yet spicy at once, with a
  tinge of orange taste.

16
Irony

• an implied discrepancy between what is said and
  what is meant.Three kinds of irony
• verbal irony is when an author says one thing and
  means something else.
• 2. dramatic irony is when an audience perceives
  something that a character in the literature does
  not know.
• 3. irony of situation is a discrepency between
  the expected result and actual results.
• Example The town of Medallion is called the
  Bottom, but it is located in the hills. What
  type of irony is this?

17
Juxtaposition

• When one idea, theme, or person is paralleled to
  another. It is used to emphasize contrast. It is
  the ACT of placing two concepts side by side
  (parallel).
• Example of a statement using juxtopose.
• Ms. Bradley required us to juxtapose two passages
  from Sula in order to see the difference between
  Sula and Nel.

18
Metaphor

• A comparison of two or more unlike things.
• Example
• My students are blossoming rosebuds.

19
Mood

• The feeling the reader gets from the authors
  tone/reading the story the atmosphere.
• Can be described by using an adjective.
• Example
• The niter I said see, it increases. It hangs
  like moss upon vaults.
• This creates an eerie mood.

20
Onomatopoeia

• Words that represent the sounds they imitate.
• Example
• Buzz, Bang, Zoom Snap

21
Metonymy

• Reference to something or someone by naming its
  attributes.
• Example
• The pen is mightier than the sword
• We await word from the crown
• As I walked on Wall Street, I was passed by many
  of the mighty suits.

22
Motif

• A recurring theme, idea, or character type within
  a text.
• Example
• A motif of Sula is failed relationships.
• What are some other motifs?

23
Epistrophe

• Repeated word or phrase at the end of successive
  lines, clauses, or sentences.
• Example

What lies behind us and what lies before us are
tiny compared to what lies within us."
Emerson
24
Hyperbole

• Extreme exaggeration
• Example
• It is hot as Hades in this classroom!
• Everybody and his/her mama was at the party!

25
Oxymoron

• Placing two contradictory words/ideas together.
• Example
• I have bitter sweet memories of that time.
• She is an educated dummy.

26
Paradox

• A statement/idea that seems contradictory, but
  that actually may be true
• Example
• Im a liar. How do you know that I am telling
  the truth.
• This is a mans world.
• Does Sula serve as a paradox?

27
Personification

• To give non-human things human like qualities.
• Example
• The eyes of the bus pierced my soul as I ran
  across the street.
• The walls screamed for a new paint job.

28
Point of View

• The perspective from which a story is told.
• Example
• 1st person narrative-story is told in the
  narrating characters own voice (I, ours)
• 3rd person limited-the story is told from the
  view point of one character (she he)
• 3rd person omniscient-the reader can see the
  thoughts of ALL characters (she he)

29
Simile

• A comparison of two or more unlike things using
  like or as
• Example
• My students futures are as bright as the sun!

30
Symbol(ism)

• When one object represents another object or
  abstract idea
• Example
• The color red usually symbolizes passion and
  love.
• A book symbolizes knowledge.

31
Synecdoche

• To use a part to represent the whole.
• Example
• I took a ride in his new wheels.
• The farmer rounded up the head of cattle.
• Please lend me your ears for a moment.

32
Syntax

• Rules of grammar the way words are put together
  to form clauses, phrases, sentences
• While reading a text, ask yourself what types of
  sentence and diction does the author use?
• Compound, simple, complex, compound complex
  and/or
• Simple and figurative or complex langauge

33
Theme

• The implied message of a text.
• Example
• One possible theme of Romeo and Juliet is that
  Actions lead may emotion can end in a tragedy.
  OR The grudges we hold with others can impact
  our childrens lives.

34
Tone

• The authors attitude about the subject.
• Example
• The niter I said see, it increases. It hangs
  like moss upon vaults.
• The tone of this statement is deceptive and
  cynical.
• DictionToneMood
• NOTE Whenever describing the tone of a text,
  provide the adjective to describe the tone and
  the examples of the words/diction used in the
  text that display(s) the tone.