[e-mail]

1
???????? ?????????

• ???? ????????
• (?????????????? ??)
• ????
• nakagawa_at_dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
• http//www.r.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/nakagawa/

2
????

• ???? ????? ?11?
• ???????7?
• ????? ?????
• ???????3??
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????? ???

3
??????(?????)

• ??????????????
• ???? ???(??)???
• ??????????????????????????
• ??????(ellipsis)???(anaphora)???????
• ??(??????????????????????)
• ??????????????????
• ?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????

4
??????(?????)

• ?????????????????????????????(??????)???????
• ?? ???????????????????????
• ???? ???(??)??? ?(???)???
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????(???????..)????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????

5
??????(?????) ???

• ?????????????????????????????(??????)???????
• ?? ???????????????????????
• ???? ???(??)??? ?(???)???
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????(???????..)????????????
• ??????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????

6
?? ??????????????(?????)

• (1)?????????????????
• ?2????????????(1)???????????????????
• ?(2)?????????????????(??????)
• (3)?????????????????????
• (3)????????????????????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????(????)
• ?????????(???)???

7
(2)???
(1)???
???????????
???????????? ??
8
?? ??????????

• (1)?????????????????
• ?(2)?????????????????(??????)
• (3)????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????(1)
• ????????????3?(????????)??????????(2)??????????
  ????????
• (3)???????????????3?????????????????????(????????)

9
????????(???)

• ???????????????????(???????)??????????????????????
  ???? ?????? ???????

??
???
???
10
????????(???)

• ???????????????????(???????)??????????????????????
  ????
• ???? ? ??????????(??)??????
• ??????/???/???????
• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????

11
??????????? -??????

• ???
• ???????????????
• f????????????????
• f????????????????????????????f?????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ?????80??????90????????????????????????????

12
?????

• ?????? ???(???????????)?????
• ?????? U
• ????? Cf(U) U?????????????????
• ?????? Cb(U) Cf????????????????
• ???? max Cf(U) Cf?????????????????????
• Cb????????? vs. Cf????????(???)
• Cf???(??????)
• ????(????)gt??gt??gt??gt??gt???

13

• ?? U1,U2,.???????????
• ??????Cb(Ui)???
• Cf(Ui)?????Ui???(?????????????????????(ZTA))
• Cb(Ui)?Cf(Ui-1)?????????????????????
• Cf(Ui-1)??????Ui?????????????????Cb(Ui)???????Ui??
  ?????
• Cb?????????????
• continue gt retain gt smooth-shift gt rough-shift

Cb(Ui)Cb(Ui-1) Or Cb(Ui-1)?? Cb(Ui)Cb(Ui-1)
Cb(Ui)max Cf(Ui) continue smooth-shift
Cb(Ui)max Cf(Ui) retain rough-shift
14
U0 ????????????????U1
f1????????????U2 f2????????????????

• ??U???????f1, f2??U?????????????
• Cb Cf
  ??
• U1 ?? f1??(?)???(?) continue
• U2-a ?? f2??(?)
  continue
• U2-b ?? f2??(?)
  smooth-shift

15

• ? continue gt retain
• ??????????????
• f(?)???????????
• f(?) f(?)????????????

16

• ??????????????
• f(?)???????????
• f(?) f(?)????????????
• ?????????
• Cb???Cf????????
• Cb??? Cf??(?)???(?)? continue
• Cb???Cf??(?)???(?) continue
• Cb???Cf??(?)???(?) retain

17

• Ui????????Cb(Ui-1)??????continue??????????????????
  ???Ui?????????
• ????????????????
• f(?)?????????
• ???f(?)?????????
• f(?)f(?)????????????????

18

• ????????????????
• f(?)?????????
• ???f(?)?????????
• f(?)f(?)????????????????
• ?????????
• Cb???Cf???????
• Cb??? Cf??(?)? continue
• Cb???Cf????? retain
• Cb???Cf??(??)???(?) smooth-shift
• Cb???Cf??(????)???(?)
• ????-continue
• Cb???Cf??(??)???(?) continue

19
?????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????
• A?f1??????f2?????? ? f1f2
• B?f1???????f2???? ? f1?f2
• C?f1?????f2??? ? f1?f2

20
?????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????
• (1)f1???????f2???? ? f1f2
• ?(2)f1???????f2???? ? f1f2
• (3)f1???????f2?????? ? f1f2
• ????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????80??????

21
?????

• ???????????????
• (1)f?f? ??? f2????
• f????? f2????????
• (2) f?f????f2?????
• f? f2???
• ????????????????????????????????????????????(1)???
  ????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????(??????
  ?)?????????
• ????????????????????????????????

22
????????

• ??????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ????1??????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ???????????????
• ??????????

23
????????

• Groz Sidner ????? intentional structure ??
• ???????
• ?????? ???????(????)??????
• ????(intentional structure)????
• ????(attentional state)??????
• ?????
• ???????????????????????????????????
• ????A1???????????????A2????????
• A2???A1?????????????????
• ???????(?)????????????????

24
????????

• ???????
• ????????
• ????(intentional structure)????
• ????(attentional state)??????
• ?????
• ??????
• ??????????????????
• ???????????????????????
• ?????????(?)??

25
????????

• ?????????????????????
• ????? ????1(??????)
• ????? ????1 (1??????)
• ????1 ????1?????????????????
  ?????2???
• ????? ????2
• ????? ????2
• ????? ????2(??????)
• ????? ????1???? ????2????????? ???? cue
  phrase ???????????????
• ????? ????1?????

26
????????

• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????????????
• 1.?????1??? DSP1?????? push
• 3. ?????2????DSP2????? push
• 7. ?????2???DSP2??????? pop ?????????????1???DS
  P1??????????????????????

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
DSP1 DSP1 DSP2 DSP2 DSP2 DSP2 DSP1 DSP1
DSP1 DSP1 DSP1 DSP1
27
??????????????

• ????? ?????????????Cb???
• ???????????
• ???(cue phrase)
• ?????????????????pop?????????
• ????????????????????????????????
• ?...???????????OK??????????????? pop

28
???????

• ??????????????????????????????4??????????
• ????(maxim of quality)??????????
• ???????
• ???????????????
• ????(maxim of quantity)
• ???????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????(maxim of relation) ???????????

29
???????

• ?????(maxim of manner)
• ?????????????????????
• ?
• ????5????
• 5???????????????????????5?????????????????????????
  ????????????????????