Review

1
Chapter 2

• Review

2
Atomic Structure

• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons

3
Atomic Structure

• Atomic Number
• Mass Number
• Isotopes
• Energy levels

4
Chemical Bonds

• Molecules
• Compound
• Ionic bonds
• Cations
• Anions
• Covalent bonds
• Polar covalent
• Nonpolar covalent

5
Chemical Bonds cont.

• Hydrogen bonds
• States of Matter

6
Chemical Reactions

• Reactants
• Products
• Metabolism
• All the chemical reactions in the body

7
Enzymes, Energy Chemical Reactions

• Activation Energy
• Enzymes
• Catalysts
• Exergonic reactions
• Release energy
• Endergonic reactions
• More energy required to begin the reaction than
  is released

8
Inorganic Compounds

• Nutrients
• Essential elements molecules
• Metabolites
• Molecules that can be synthesized or broken down
  by chemical reactions inside our body
• Electrolytes
• Undergo ionization in water to form ions
• Hydrophilic
• hydrophobic

9
Water Its Properties

• Solution
• Solutes
• Solvents
• pH
• Acids
• Bases
• Neutrals

10
Organic Compounds Carbohydrates

• Include starches sugars
• Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides
• Monomer - glucose
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharides
• Dehydration synthesis

11
Lipids

• Include fats, oils, waxes
• Monomers
• Fatty acids glycerol
• Water insoluble
• Steroids
• Structure of cell membranes
• Sex hormones
• Lipid digestion

12
Proteins cont.

• Monomers
• Amino acids
• Polypeptide bonds
• Levels of structure
• Primary (amino acid sequence)
• Secondary (amino acid interactions)
• Tertiary (complex folding)
• Quaternary (protein complexes)

13
Proteins

• Structural proteins
• Contractile proteins
• Transport proteins
• Buffering proteins
• Enzymes
• Hormones
• Antibodies

14
Enzymatic Reactions

• Active sites
• Substrates
• Denature

15
Nucleic Acids

• DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
• Sugar
• deoxyribose
• Nitrogenous bases
• Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine
• RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
• Nitrogenous bases
• Adenine, Guanine, Uracil, Cytosine
• Sugar
• Ribose

16
High Energy Compounds

• ATP Adenosine triphosphate
• ADP Adensonsine diphosphate