Reproductive System Cont. Female Anatomy

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Reproductive System Cont.Female Anatomy
Physiology

• Chapter 28

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FEMALE ANATOMY

• Ovaries produce eggs
• Ovarian follicles contain eggs in various
  stages of development and the cells that surround
  them surrounding cells nourish the eggs
  produce estrogen
• Corpus luteum remnants of a mature follicle
  after ovulation (after egg is released) produces
  estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin

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• Uterine tubes (oviducts/fallopian tubes)
  transport eggs from the ovary to the uterus
  fertilization occurs in the oviducts
• Uterus organ in which the fetus develops
• Endometrium uterine lining
• Cervix lower end of uterus
• Vagina passageway between the uterus and the
  outside
• Vulva external genitals of the female

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Female Reproductive Cycles1. Ovarian Cycle
2. Menstrual (Uterine) Cycle
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Female Reproductive Cycles

• Female reproductive cycles prepare the female
  body for pregnancy
• 1. Ovarian cycle cyclic events that occur in
  the ovaries
• 2. Menstrual (uterine) cycle cyclic events that
  occur in the uterus
• Last 28 days on average
• Influenced by
• 1. hormones secreted by pituitary gland FSH and
  LH
• 2. hormones secreted by ovary estrogen and
  progesterone

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OVARIAN CYCLE

• 1. Follicular phase prior to ovulation
• One ovarian follicle becomes the dominant
  follicle and begins to mature when the pituitary
  gland releases FSH
• Maturing follicle releases estrogen and causes
  the pituitary gland to release LH (this is an
  example of positive feedback an increase in one
  hormone results in increase of another hormone)
• 2. Ovulation (day 14)
• levels of LH reach its peak and initiate
  ovulation
• Ovulation egg is released from the dominant
  follicle
• 3. Luteal phase after ovulation
• Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum and
  secretes estrogen and progesterone
• High levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit
  FSH and LH (this is an example of negative
  feedback increase in one hormone results in
  decrease of another hormone)

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MENSTRUAL CYCLE

• If the egg does not become fertilized, levels of
  estrogen and progesterone fall and cause
  endometrium to be shed menstrual flow or
  menstruation (days 1-5)
• Starting with day 6, increasing levels of
  estrogen cause endometrium to thicken and prepare
  uterus for possible implantation of fertilized egg

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FERTILIZATION

• Fertilization union of sperm and egg the
  resulting cell is called zygote
• Takes place in the uterine tube

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IMPLENTATION

• Implentation the zygote passes into the uterus
  where it attaches into the uterine lining (by the
  sixth day after fertilization)