Chapter 5 Lesson 3 Egypt

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Chapter 5 Lesson 3Egypts Empire p. 120-124

• EQ Why do civilizations rise and fall?
• Civilizations a grouping of people that have
  developed effective ways of organizing a society
  and care about its culture
• rise and fall how it comes to be big and
  powerful and then how it becomes weak and taken
  over by another group

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Egypts Empire p. 120

• Make a timeline on the paper provided, while we
  are taking notes today.
• Remember BC goes to 1 AD

3100BC
1425 BC
3
Egypts Empire p. 120

• C. 3100 BC Narmer/Menes unites Egypt for the
  first time and is its first ruler
• The Old Kingdom begins around 2600 BC
• Trade increases causing a a stable economy
  (getting goods and services the people need in
  exchange for goods and services from people in
  other civilizations)
• Khufu is pharaoh during the 4th dynasty c. 2613
  to 2494 BC.
• The Great Pyramid is built in honor of the
  pharaoh Khufu
• The ruling pharaohs in Memphis of the Old Kingdom
  began to lose power around 2200 BC.
• After the Old Kingdom fell apart, Egypt entered a
  time of chaos for over 200 years.
• The Middle Kingdom lasted from c.2055 BC to c.
  1650 BC.
• A new dynasty of pharaohs ruled during the Middle
  Kingdom, and the capital was moved to Thebes.

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A Golden Age The Middle Kingdom p. 120

• Along with the order of the Middle Kingdom, came
  the conquering of new territories.
• The military took over Nubia in the south as well
  as present-day Syria.
• Pharaohs required tribute, forced payments, in
  order to increase farming and build a canal to
  increase trade.

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Art and ArchitectureArchitecture the design
and structure of buildings

• With the riches from trading, money was spent on
  the arts.
• Tombs and temples were decorated with paintings
  of stories about the deities and everyday life.
• The Valley of the Kings was created in the Middle
  Kingdom.
• Pharaohs had their tombs cut into limestone
  cliffs of the Nile River instead of building
  pyramids.

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The Valley of the Kings was created in the Middle
Kingdom.

• The Pyramids of Giza and the Nile Delta were the
  tombs of choice for pharaohs of Egypt's Old
  Kingdom. But New Kingdom pharaohs, who wanted to
  be closer to the source of their dynastic roots
  in the south, built their crypts in the hills of
  this barren tract west of Luxor, now called the
  Valley of the Kings.

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Sculptors

• Carved hunting, fishing, and battle scenes on
  large stone walls

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Statues of Pharaohs

• Statues of the Pharaohs, showing them as humans
  rather than gods

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Hyksos p. 121

• Nothing good ever lasts. During the 1600s BC,
  nobles people of hereditary of the pharaoh or
  people of the upper class began to challenge the
  authority of the pharaohs.
• Civil War weakened Egypt and outsiders from Asia,
  the Hyksos, took over and ruled for more than a
  century.
• The Hyksos had advanced and sturdy weapons of
  bronze and iron, chariots, and horses.

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Ahmose

• Ahmose, an Egyptian prince, formed an army and
  drove the Hyksos out of Egypt in 1550 B.C.

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Building an Empire

• Ahmose founded a new dynasty.
• Started the New Kingdom
• Lasted from 1550 B.C. to 1070 B.C.
• No longer isolated
• Benefited from spread of goods, ideas, and
  cultures

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Homework

• Read pp. 120-124 in the textbook
• In your notebook, complete the 2 Progress Check
  Questions

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Chapter 5 Lesson 3Egypts Empire p. 120-

• EQ Why do civilizations rise and fall?
• Civilizations a grouping of people that have
  developed effective ways of organizing a society
  and care about its culture
• rise and fall how it comes to be big and
  powerful and then how it becomes weak and taken
  over by another group

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Progress Check

• How were the Egyptians able to defeat the Hyksos?
• Why did the Egyptians want to trade with the
  Phoenicians?
• What does architecture mean? What are some
  examples of architecture from ancient Egypt? From
  present day?

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Vocabularyuse the sentence to help define each
word.

• Prosper _____________________________
• Sentence Most of Mrs. Youngs plants will
  prosper if given the right dose of fertilizer,
  water, and sun.
• Conquest ___________________________
• Sentence The archaeologist says an invading army
  could have set fires to the monuments as a way to
  show their conquest.

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New Kingdom

• Egyptians learned how to use chariots and the
  Hyksos weapons.
• c.1550 BC Ahmose forced the Hyksos out of Egypt
  and started the New Kingdom.
• From 1550 BC to 1070 BC, Egypt once again
  prospered from trade and conquest.

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The First Woman Pharaoh p. 122 Hatshepsut

• Queen Hatshepsut was the 1st wife of Thutmose II.
  When he died, she declared herself pharaoh.
• In order to gain acceptance she dressed as a man,
  even wearing a fake beard.
• Hatshepsut was responsible for building
  magnificent temples and increasing trade.
• During her reign, Egypt traded with Arabia and
  other parts of Africa.

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Growth of Trade p. 123

• Hatshepsut was more interested in promoting trade
  that starting wars

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Items Traded

• Egyptian traders exchanged beads, metal tools,
  and weapons for gold, ivory, ebony wood, and
  incense

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Phoenicians p. 123

• Egyptians valued WOOD products
• Traded with Phoenicians who were known as great
  sailors throughout the Mediterranean Sea
• Encouraged the spread of goods and ideas called
  cultural diffusion

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• The
• Phoenicians
• lived along
• the coast of
• The
• Mediterranean
• Sea, present-
• day Lebanon

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Phoenicians

• With the increase demand for wood, trade with the
  Phoenicians started.
• Egyptians traded wheat, paper, silver, ivory,
  slaves, class, gold, copper, tin and tools to the
  Phoenicians for purple dye for clothing), cedar
  wood, and furniture

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Tyrian Purple

• Tyrian Purple was first produced by the Ancient
  Phoenicians in the city of Tyre.
• Currently Tyre is the fourth largest city in
  Lebenon, and a popular tourist destination.
• Tyrian Purple is produced by a fresh mucous
  secretion of a small sea snale called murex. The
  exact species is spiny dye-murex.
• Tyrian Purple was, and still is, very expensive.
  In Ancient Rome, to buy Tyrian Purple cost its
  weight in silver.
• Approximately 60,000 murex animals were required
  to make one pound of Tyrian Purple.
• The Ancient Roman naturalist Pliny describes the
  steps in process of manufacturing Tyrian Purple
• Murex were caught in baskets lowered into the sea
  at the end of long ropes. Frogs or mussels were
  used as bait.
• The murex were pulled from their shells, and the
  vein containing the pigment was extracted.
• The pigment was mixed with salt and repeatedly
  heated in vats to separate water from the
  pigment. The whole process took about ten days.
• Due to the large number of decaying murex bodies,
  the process generated considerable stench.
• Actually looks more like maroon than purple. Some
  languages translate its color as scarlet.
• Today, murex can still be found off the coast of
  Tyre, but it is rare.
• In the 1800s, processes chemists invented
  synthetic purple dyes that were much cheaper than
  murex, so Tyrian Purple is no longer available.

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Phoenicians Create Phonics

• They developed the worlds 1st alphabet.
• This made writing much easier and had a major
  impact on the ancient world and our own. Hooked
  on phonics
• The English language is based upon the Greek
  alphabet, which was introduced to them through
  trade with the Phoenicians

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More Politics and Trade in the New Kingdom

• Developed ties and alliances with Babylonian
  Empire in Mesopotamia
• Mittani in Syria
• Hittite Empire in Anatolia

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Expanding the Empire - Thutmose III

• Envoys, government representatives, worked
  together.
• C. 1476 Thutmose III, Hatshepsuts nephew, took
  over after her death.
• Thutmose III reigned until c. 1425 BC
• He expanded the empire and acquired valuable
  resources from lands he conquered.
• In addition, he enslaved many prisoners of war.

• Thutmose was a strong leader and general
• Expanded Egypt north to the Euphrates River
• Conquered Nubia
• Empire was wealthy

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Egypts Empire

• Share your timelines with your shoulder partner
• Remember BC goes to 1 AD

3100BC
1425 BC
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Vocab review

• Civilizations are
• Rise and fall means
• Architecture is
• Prosper means to
• Conquest means to

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• EQ Why do civilizations rise and fall?
• Civilizations a grouping of people that have
  developed effective ways of organizing a society
  and care about its culture
• rise and fall how it comes to be big and
  powerful and then how it becomes weak and taken
  over by another group

In your notebook,

• Part 1 Directions
• Find many facts to explain each.
• Why did the Old Kingdom rise?
• Why did the Old Kingdom fall?
• Why did the Middle Kingdom rise?
• Why did the Middle Kingdom fall?
• Why did the New Kingdom rise?

• Part 2 Directions
• Complete the Critical Thinking Question on p. 123
• Complete the Geography Connection questions on p.
  124
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.