Title: US FOREIGN POLICY
1US FOREIGN POLICY FROM 1930 TO 1941
2The Road to World War II 1919-1939
3Foreign Policy Tensions
Interventionism
Disarmament
- Isolationism
- Nativists
- Anti-War movement
- Conservative Republicans
- Collective security
- Wilsonianism
- Business interests
4American Isolationism
- Isolationists like Senator Lodge, refused to
allow the US to sign the Versailles Treaty. - Security treaty with France also rejected by the
Senate. - July, 1921 ? Congress passed a resolution
declaring WW I officially over!
Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. R-MA
5Problems in Europe After WWI
- Great Depression
- Economic people were jobless
- Political weak governments could not solve
problems in their countries. Fear of Jews and
Communists - Social times of unrest people look for a leader.
6dictators
TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS
- Power of government rests in one man.
- TOTAL POWER
- No freedoms in this society..
- Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain
groups - Often have large militaries and must expand and
conquer to gain approval from their people.
7FDRs Good Neighbor Policy
- Important to have all nations in the Western
Hemisphere united in lieu of foreign aggressions. - FDR ? The good neighbor respects himself and the
rights of others. - Policy of non-intervention and cooperation.
8democracies
U.S RESPONSE TO FASCIST AGGRESSION
- BETWEEN 1931 TO 1941, JAPAN INVADES MOST OF ASIA
AND WAS THREATENING U.S. ISLANDS AND OUR OPEN
DOOR TRADE POLICY. - FROM 1935 TO 1939, HITLER REMARMED GERMANY IN
VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES. - GERMANY/ITALY CONQUERED ALL THE DEMOCRACIES IN
EUROPE. - US POLICY WAS STRICT NEUTRALITY BUT ULTIMATELY
WOULD BE DRAWN INTO WWII.
9Japanese Attack Manchuria (1931)
- League of Nations condemned the action.
- Japan leaves the League.
- Hoover wanted no part in an American military
action in the Far East.
10Hoover-Stimpson Doctrine(1932)
- US would not recognize any territorial
acquisitions that were achieved by force. - Japan was infuriated because the US hadconquered
new territories a few decades earlier. - Japan bombed Shanghai in 1932 ? massive
casualties.
11FDR Recognizes the Soviet Union (late 1933)
- FDR felt that recognizing Moscow might bolster
the US against Japan. - Maybe trade with the USSR would help the US
economy during the Depression.
12Nye Committee Hearings(1934-1936)
- The Nye Committee Iinvestigated the charge that
WW I was needless and the US entered so
munitions owners could make big profits
merchants of death. - The Committee did charge that bankers wanted war
to protect their loans arms manufacturers to
make money. - Claimed that Wilson had provoked Germany by
sailing in to warring nations waters. - Resulted in Congress passing several Neutrality
Acts.
Senator Gerald P. Nye R-ND
13FDRs I hate war Speech (1936)
14Ludlow Amendment (1938)
- A proposed amendment to the Constitution that
called for a national referendum on any
declaration of war by Congress. - Introduced several times by Congressman Ludlow.
- Never actually passed.
Congressman Louis LudlowD-IN
15Neutral
NEUTRALITY ACTS
- 1935 prohibited arms shipments to all
belligerent countries. - 1936 forbid loans to all belligerents
- 1939 prohibited Americans from traveling on
ships of belligerent nations
- FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by
protecting democracies and preparing the US for
war..BUT TRYING TO REMAIN ISOLATED AND NEUTRAL
16Neutral
NEUTRALITY ACTS
- Americans wanted to remain neutral.
- America First Committee
- Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies
- Feb. 21, 1940 If Germany is defeating England
France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany
and send our Army and Navy to Europe to fight
against Hitler? Yes 23 No 77
17Neutral
NEUTRALITY ACTS
December 16, 1940 Do you think it was a mistake
for the U.S. to enter the first World War? Yes
39 No 42 No opinion 19
18atlantic1
FOUR FREEDOMS SPEECH
- FIRST, freedom of speech and expression,
everywhere in the world. - SECOND, freedom of every person to worship God in
his own way,everywhere in the world. - THIRD, freedom from want, which translated into
world terms, economic and healthy peace time
life, everywhere in the world. - FOURTH, freedom from fear, worldwide reduction of
armaments, everywhere in the world. - Other things FDR stated
- The world order is to seek cooperation of free
countries, in a friendly civilized society. - Freedom means the supremacy of human rights
everywhere.
- FDRs speech to Congress in Jan. 1941 describing
the threat of the Axis Powers. - FDR believed American security was seriously
threatened and believed the struggle was over
American democracy.
19LEND LEASE
LEND LEASE
- RENTING, LEASING, GIVING BRITAIN AND LATER SOVIET
UNION AND CHINA, MILITARY WEAPONS TO ARM THEM
AGAINST THE GERMANS AND JAPANESE - FDRs FINAL ATTEMPT TO REMAIN NEUTRAL!
- USA BECOMES THE ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY
20U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941, US becomes the
arsenal of democracy
Great Britain.........................31
billionSoviet Union...........................11
billionFrance...................................
... 3 billionChina..............................
.........1.5 billionOther European..............
...500 millionSouth America...................4
00 millionThe amount totaled 48,601,365,000
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22lend lease
US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay
out of war. It was given to Britain during the
Battle of Britain in 1940, the Soviet Union after
Hitlers invasion in 1941 and China. The US
became the arsenal of democracy.
23June 22, 1941, Hitler invades the Soviet Union
Chapter 24, Section 2
1940 Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium,
Netherlands and France 1941 Soviet Union
24atlantic1
ATLANTIC CHARTER
- FDR and Winston Churchill meet on the USS Augusta
in the North Atlantic to sign the Atlantic
Charter, August 12, 1941.
- They met together to make known certain common
principles of their respective countries on which
they base their hopes for a better futurefor the
world.
25atlantic1
ATLANTIC CHARTER
FIRST, we seek not conquest of land or
territory.. SECOND, no territorial changes of
land between nations. THIRD, Restoration of
sovereign rights and self-government FOURTH,
Access to raw materials for all FIFTH, World
economic cooperation SIXTH, Freedom from fear
and want SEVENTH, freedom of the seas EIGHTH,
Disarmament of aggressors NINTH, a United Nations
for world peace.
26The Attack Plan (Japanese)
- By attacking our three main bases (???) the
Japanese hoped to have free reign to take out
southern Asia. - Wanted oil, rubber metal.
- They wanted control of East Asia (all the way
down to Australia). - They concentrated on attacking the Dutch East
Indies (Indonesia). This would allow the
Japanese to attack Australia. - All that would be left would be small islands
here and there in the Pacific and the Japanese
would feel no threat from them.
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28map/japan
29WWII Military Leaders
PEARL HARBOR ATTACK
- Captain Mitsuo Fuchida
- Led the attack at Pearl Harbor.
- Tora, Tora, Tora
- Attack, Attack, Attack
- Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
- Commander of the Japanese Navy
- Responsible for the success of the Japanese
attack of Pearl Harbor.
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32Infamy9
DAY OF INFAMY
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34DAY OF INFAMY
- In less than 2 hours, the Pacific Fleet lost two
battleships, six others were heavily battered and
nearly a dozen lesser vessels put out of action. - More than 150 planes were wrecked over 2,300
servicemen were killed and 1,100 wounded. - Blame was widespread, both on the Officials in
Washington and on the Admiral and the General in
Hawaii.
35- After FDRs Day of Infamy speech asking for a
declaration of war against Japan, Congress
approved the declaration. - FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan
on Dec. 8, 1941