Copy the following chart onto Portfolio p89

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Copy the following chart onto Portfolio p89
New Mexico Oregon Utah
Who went?
Why did they go?
How did they get there?
What did they find?
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Copy the following questions onto the top half of
Portfolio p90

1. How did mountain men help open the West?
2. Why did so many Americans want to settle in
   Oregon?
3. Why did the Mormons move west?

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Copy the following questions onto the bottom half
of Portfolio p90
How did each of the following groups contribute
to the opening of the West?

• mountain men
• land speculators
• tradesmen
• missionaries

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Lesson 13.1 Trails West

• Today we will list the reasons why various
  groups participated in the
  exploration of the West.

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Vocabulary

• list to make a list
• exploration discovery thru travel
• speculate buying something now in the hope that
  it will be worth more later
• missionary person who travels to another place
  and tries to convert its people to his/her
  religion
• polygamy the practice of having more than one
  wife at a time

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What We Already Know

• Thomas Jeffersons purchase of the Louisiana
  Territory brought almost half a billion acres of
  new land into the United States.

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What We Already Know

• Lewis and Clark had explored the Louisiana
  Pur-chase all the way to the Pacific Ocean and
  had returned with much valuable scientific and
  geographical information.

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What We Already Know

• The land south of the Louisiana Pur-chase
  belonged to Mexico.

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Mountain men were the first to open up the West.

• Trapping beaver for the Eastern fur trade
• As an area became trapped out, the mountain men
  would move farther west.

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• The mountain men provided firsthand knowledge of
  the West.
• They discovered passes and made maps later used
  by settlers.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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1. How did Mountain Men help open the West?

1. They converted Indians to Christianity.
2. They discovered passes and made maps later used
   by settlers.
3. They made treaties with Indians that protected
   settlers.
4. All the above
5. A and B only

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Land speculators bought huge areas of good farm
land.

• Speculators are people who buy something in the
  hope that it will increase in value.
• Land speculators made great profits by selling
  sections of land to settlers.
• Manufacturers and merchants soon followed
  settlers, making money by making and selling
  items that farmers needed.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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How did speculators contribute to westward
movement?

1. They provided loans to settlers.
2. They found the best farm land and sold it to
   settlers.
3. They built roads to make westward movement
   easier.
4. They cleared Indian threat to make settlement
   safer.

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American traders traveled to Mexico in search of
markets.

• After gaining its independence from Spain in
  1821, Mexico opened its borders to American
  traders.

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Missouri trader William Becknell took household
goods to Santa Fe, New Mexico, and opened the
Santa Fe Trail.
He made large profits because the New Mexicans
were eager for new merchandise.
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The next spring, Becknell returned to Santa Fe,
with covered wagons loaded with trade goods.
Before long, hundreds of traders and settlers
were making the 800-mile journey along the Santa
Fe Trail from Missouri to New Mexico each year.
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Check for Understanding
A ask B Why did tradesmen travel to New Mexico?
Tradesmen traveled to New Mexico because they
wanted to sell goods in Santa Fe.

• Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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How did tradesmen contribute to westward movement?

1. Their success in trade led others to travel west
   as well, using the trails that the tradesmen had
   found.
2. They built roads that made westward movement
   easier.
3. They discovered passes and blazed trails later
   used by settlers.
4. They provided loans so settlers could buy land.

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Hundreds of settlers also began migrating west on
the Oregon Trail.
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Missionaries were the first whites to cross the
continent to Oregon.

• They made few converts among the Native
  Americans.
• However, their glowing reports of Oregons rich
  land began to attract other American settlers.

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Check for Understanding
B ask A Why did missionaries travel to Oregon?
Missionaries traveled to Oregon because they
wanted to convert Native Americans to
Christianity.

• Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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Which of these is true about missionaries and
the opening of the West?

1. They brought Christianity to many Indians.
2. They opened Oregon up to tradesmen.
3. They sent back reports of how wonderful Oregons
   land and climate were for farming.
4. They went to Oregon to escape religious
   persecution back East.

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Americans wanted to settle in Oregon because its
climate made farming easy.

• In 1843, nearly 1,000 people made the 2,000-mile
  journey from Missouri to Oregon.
• The next year, twice as many came.

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The Oregon Trail was dangerous, so pioneers
joined wagon trains

• Their survival would depend on cooperation.
• Before setting out, the wagon train members
  agreed on rules and elected leaders to enforce
  them.

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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2. Why did so many Americans want to settle in
Oregon?

1. They wanted to convert Native Americans to
   Christianity.
2. They hoped to gain religious freedom and to avoid
   religious persecution.
3. Oregons rich land and mild climate was perfect
   for farming.
4. They hoped to avoid having to fight in the coming
   Civil War.

Choose all that are true!
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The Mormons settled in Utah.

• While most pioneers went west in search of
  wealth, the Mormons migrated for religious
  reasons.

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The Mormons settled in Utah.
The Mormons settled in Utah.

• The Mormons were members of the Church of Jesus
  Christ of Latter-Day Saints, founded by Joseph
  Smith in upstate New York in 1830.

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The Mormons settled in Utah.

• The Mormons lived in close communities, worked
  hard, shared their goods, and prospered.

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Some people persecuted the Mormons for their
beliefs.

• They saw the Mormon practice of polygamy as
  immoral.
• Others objected to their holding property in
  common.

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In 1844, an anti-Mormon mob in Illinois killed
Joseph Smith.
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Brigham Young, the next Mormon leader, moved
his people out of the United States.

• His destination was Utah, which was part of
  Mexico at the time, where he hoped his people
  would be left alone to follow their faith in
  peace.

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Check for Understanding
A ask B Why did the Mormons leave the United
States?
The Mormons left the United States in the hope
that they could find a place where they could
practice their religion in peace.

• Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

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Check for Understanding
B ask A How did Brigham Young become leader of
the Mormons?
Brigham Young become leader of the Mormons after
an anti-Mormon mob killed Joseph Smith.

• Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

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In 1847, about 1,600 Mormons followed Brigham
Young to Utah.

• They left in mid-winter and set out on a very
  difficult journey along what would become known
  as the Mormon Trail.
• They found the Great Salt Lake, which Young
  announced as the place they would build their new
  settlement and tabernacle.

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The Mormons built a new settlement by the Great
Salt Lake.

• Working together to build dams and canals, the
  Mormons captured water in the hills and carried
  it to the farms in the valleys below.
• Through teamwork, they made their desert homeland
  bloom.

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Check for Understanding
A ask B Why did the Mormons leave the United
States?
The Mormons left the United States in the hope
that they could find a place where they could
practice their religion in peace.

• Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

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Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
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3. Why did the Mormons move west?

1. They wanted to become land speculators.
2. They were seeking escape from the religious
   persecution they had experienced in the East.
3. They were searching for gold in the Wasatch
   Mountains.
4. They came to share their faith with the Indians.

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13.1 Graphic A
New Mexico Oregon Utah
Who went? tradesmen farmers, settlers Mormons
Why did they go? to sell goods and make money to get land and start farms to escape persecution
How did they get there? followed the Santa Fe Trail followed the Oregon Trail followed the Mormon Trail
What did they find? Mexicans eager to buys their goods Rich farm land and a mild climate the Great Salt Lake
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13.1 Graphic C
How did each of the following groups contribute
to the opening of the West?

• mountain men
• land speculators
• traders
• missionaries

They discovered passes and broken trails.
They found farm land and sold it to settlers.
Their success in trade led others to travel west
as well.
Their reports of rich soil in Oregon attracted
settlers.