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MONGOLIAN-RUSSIAN COOPERATION IN KHURELTOGOOT
OBSERVATORY IN THE ISON PROJECT
FRAMEWORK N.Tungalag1, I.Molotov2, V.Voropaev2,
V.Kouprianov3, Yu.Krugly4, S.Schmalz5,
A.Pozanenko6 1Research Center of Astronomy and
Geophysics, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2 Keldysh
Institute of Applied Mathematics, RAS, Moscow,
Russia 3 Central (Pulkovo) Astronomical
Observatory, RAS, Saint-Petersburg,
Russia 4Institute of Astronomy of Karazin Kharkiv
National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine 5Leibniz
Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam,
Germany 6Space Research Institute, RAS, Moscow,
Russia
Methods and experiments
Results
Abstract
For the first time in Mongolia, regular
observations started for applied and fundamental
astronomical programs in particular, for space
debris research, observations of asteroids, and
cosmic gamma-ray bursts. This was possible upon
installation of optical telescopes ORI-40 and
VT-78a in Khureltogoot observatory, under support
and supervision of the International Scientific
Optical Network (ISON) coordinated by Keldysh
Institute for Applied Mathematics (KIAM), Russian
Academy of Sciences.
A new pavilion was built in Khureltogoot during
2012 to initiate collaboration with ISON. Since
November 2012, observations began with the VT-78a
19.2 cm telescope with field of view of 77
degrees on a robotic WS-180 mount. The telescope
is controlled by the CHAOS TCS software CCD
image processing is done using the APEX II
software platform developed within the ISON
project. This telescope provides extended surveys
of a visible part of the geostationary ring from
0 to 20 degrees inclination, with up to 15
thousand measurements for 500 to 700 objects per
night. The limiting magnitude is 14m for 10s
exposure time, while the time span of individual
tracklets is up to several hours. These surveys
help KIAM to increase the accuracy of
geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) object orbits for
conjunction analysis, to detect maneuvers of
active satellites, and to assist in maintaining
the orbits of GEO objects in clusters. Moreover,
many HEO objects are detected as a by-product.
Since November 2013, a new 40 cm telescope
ORI-40 with the field of view of 2.32.3 degrees
on a robotic WS-240 mount was commissioned to
provide dedicated observations of faint space
debris fragments. The limiting magnitude is 16.5m
for 10s exposure time.

• Monitoring of space debris
• Starting from 2013 till 2014, 194 613 tracklets
  were obtained in 1 382 324 measurements over the
  total of 244 nights. As a result, a number of
  space debris objects were discovered and
  catalogued that may constitute a threat to
  high-orbit spacecrafts. Observatory staff
  actively participates in joint publications with
  their Russian colleagues. Recently, 9 joint
  papers were published, including a report at the
  past COSPAR2014 conference (Moscow, August
  2014).
• MPC code
• On February 5 2014, Khureltogoot Observatory was
  assigned the observatory code O75 by Gareth
  Williams of the Minor Planet Center (MPC), only a
  week after the start of minor planet observation
  with the ORI40 telescope.
• Asteroid surveys
• A large number of observations of asteroids were
  carried out with the ORI40 telescope, aimed at
  discovery of new objects. The first results
  immediately showed that the detection limit of
  ORI40 is about 19.5 mag for objects with small
  zenith angles. Thus, it is quite a difficult task
  to discover new asteroids since most of those
  brighter than 19 mag are already known. Hence
  only near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and comets
  remain the potential survey targets. However,
  after an improvement done in June 2014, the
  instrument is now suitable for highly accurate
  photometric observations of asteroids brighter
  than 19 mag. Since then, the instrument is mainly
  targeted at obtaining light curves of already
  known asteroids to obtain their physical and
  dynamical parameters.
• NEO confirmation
• On April 12 2014, our first NEO confirmation was
  issued by the MPC in MPEC 2014-G75 for the
  Apollo-family asteroid 2014 GY48, which is also
  on the list of the potentially hazardous
  asteroids (PHAs).
• GRB afterglow observation
• Since 2012 more than 20 fields of gamma-ray
  bursts (GRB) were observed, in 5 cases optical
  afterglow were detected. Results for the
  following bursts were published in GCN circulars
  GRB 140211A, GRB 140304A, GRB 140709B, GRB
  140817A. For GRBs observed, further photometric
  measurements or upper limits have been obtained
  by our colleagues in the Astronomy Department of
  the Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of
  Sciences (IKI RAS). Most interesting GRBs
  detected are GRB 130427A (2nd brightest GRB in
  optic), GRB 140304A (observed starting 8.7 min.
  after burst trigger at BAT/Swift orbital
  telescope), and GRB 140629A (a dense light curve
  for 1 hour was obtained).

Introduction
Since 2009, the Research Center for Astronomy
and Geophysics (RCAG) cooperates with the
International Scientific Optical Network (ISON)
for near-Earth space surveillance coordinated by
Keldysh Institute for Applied Mathematics (KIAM),
Russian Academy of Sciences. ISON is an open
international nongovernment project, mainly aimed
at being a free source of information on space
objects for scientific analysis and other
applications. ISON is currently one of the most
wide-spread observation networks and is one of
only two of those in the world that is capable to
observe the sky globally from both Eastern and
Western hemispheres. ISON observations are
coordinated mainly by the KIAM center for
collection, processing, and analysis of
information on space debris (ADAPS). To the date,
ISON joins 35 observation facilities with 80
telescopes of apertures from 12.5 cm to 2.6 m in
15 countries and carries out researches on space
debris, asteroids, and GRBs. 8.4 million
measurements in 1.21 million tracklets for about
4000 Earth-orbiting objects were collected by the
ISON network in 2013. It is planned that a part
of the orbital data will be accessible via a
UN-hosted web page in 2014. Since autumn 2012,
RCAG and KIAM, in collaboration with ISON,
conduct a large amount of astronomical
observations of space debris, asteroids, and
optical gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows at the
new facility of the Khureltogoot observatory near
UlaanBaatar.
19.2-cm telescope VT-78a.
40-cm telescope ORI-40.
Sample images obtained with ORI-40 telescope
Contact us
Viktor Voropaev voropaev_at_live.ru Sergei
Schmalz sergiuspro_at_yahoo.de Namkhai Tungalag
ntungalag_at_rcag.ac.mn
Map of ISON sites and telescopes.
Comet C2013R1 (20140106).
Crab Nebula in filter B.
Supernova in M 82 on 21.01.2014.