Title: Visualizing Infrastructure Interdependencies in Emergencies
1Visualizing Infrastructure Interdependencies in
Emergencies
- Lyn Bartram (SFU)
- Brian Klinkenberg (UBC)
- Kellogg Booth (UBC)
2Overview
- Motivation and approach
- GIS in Emergency Mgmt (Brian)
- Approaches and issues
- Visualising interdependencies (lyn, Kelly)
- Current approaches
- Issues and challenges
- Where we need to go from here
- (hint) this involves you
3Motivation
- In disaster planning, response and recovery, we
need to monitor and visualize the various
activities underway, including coordinated
efforts where we may have partial information,
uncertain data or external constraints that are
changing in real-time as the various
interdependent infrastructures coordinate their
efforts.
4Motivation
- 20 of 9/11 infrastructure disruptions involved
infrastructure interdependencies - Telecom, power, oil and gas, water substantially
more - Emergency management at 50
- These were both built (physical) and human
- Deep silos of expert infrastructure knowledge
and operations - Communication and coordination across
infrastructures is problematic and untracked
5Objectives for I2V
- Support emergent conditions
- Training works well for predicted but falls short
in emergent events - Common visual language
- Establish coordinating frame of reference
- GIS (but its not enough)
- what if capabilities
- Spatio-temporal representation
- Track, record and capture
- Augment information (annotation and plans)
- Collaborative environment
- Multiple decision makers need to negotiate and
remain aware of activity
6GIS, EM and CIP
- Disaster
- Vulnerability analysis
- Damage assessment
- Hazardous materials
- Resource inventory
- Personnel resources
- Infrastructure
- Mass care/shelter status
7GIS, EM and CIP
- Risk assessment and risk modelling applications
are not present in most municipalities. - These applications should be implemented,
ensuring integration with other organizations
dealing with surveillance, detection, planning
security programs, mitigation of hazards,
preparedness for actual emergencies, response,
and short and long-term recovery. - There remains a perception that a GIS provides
cartographic capability rather than a spatial
modelling and analysis capability.
8GIS, EM and CIP Applications developed in the US
GIS Application Developer / User Main Use Databases / Software used
HAZUS Federal Emergency Management Agencys (FEMA) Mainly used to estimate potential losses from floods, hurricane winds and earthquakes Infrastructure networks (water, gas, electricity, buildings, critical facilities) from the entire US, Wind, Geology, Census. (ESRI)
Community Vulnerability Assessment Tool New Hanover County (North Carolina) FEMA, New Hanover County, Coastal Services and Atmospheric Administration Hurricanes, Floods Previous earthquakes, erosion, floods, soils, wind, critical facilities (critical buildings transportation and utility services), marinas, storage sites, demographic databases. (ESRI)
CATS Consequences Assessment Tool Set SAIC (Science Applications International Corporation), a private company hired by FEMA and by the US Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) Hurricanes, earthquakes, hazardous materials emergencies, terrorism (bombs, biological weapons) Real-time weather data bases, population data base, infrastructure data bases (approximately 160 data bases). (ESRI)
9GIS, EM and CIP
- Data accessibility is one of the major issues
when dealing with emergency management. - There is a critical need for real-time data and
information, a temporal requirement that often
cannot be met in the field (Cutter 2003, 443) - In real situations, there is often greater need
for high temporal resolution data than for high
spatial resolution data. - Real-time personnel / vehicle tracking is
critical. - Accessible, interpreted remotely sensed imagery
showing the impacts (area extent, significance of
damage) is vital, but difficult to provide (wrt
technical skills) and often not familiar to
first-responders.
10GIS, EM and CIP
- The main issues related to the information flows
in a GIS for EM can be summarized in two
categories - Political issues Information sharing policies
among private corporations and different levels
of government, information property issues,
sensitivity of information. - Technical Issues Metadata standards, Information
and system compatibility. - Both sets of constraints need to be overcome
before GIS could be integrated into practical
decision-making
11GIS, EM and CIP
- The inexperience of emergency managers with GIS
precludes them from using it to aid
decision-making to its full potential. - The size of computer screens does not provide
necessary detail for regional scale emergency
management decision making. This makes it
difficult to relate computer-based output to
broad scale decision-making.
12Visualizing interdependence
- Four conditions for infrastructure
interdependency Mendonça 2007 - Input the infrastructure requires input from
another to provide a service (power) - Shared physical components and activities in
providing the service are shared (roads) - Exclusive-or either one or another
infrastructure can be in use for a service
(generation, water) but not both - Co-location
13Interdependency types
- Physical elements of the physical environment
that depend on other elements. Examples include
power lines, water mains, buildings housing
infrastructure (substation, communication tower) - Resource goods/services that are needed.
Emergency beds depend on staff. Hospital capacity
(beds) depend on medicine. Workers depend on
transportation. - Role/person coordination of decisions will
depend on the right people being in the right
place. Mike from the power managers needs to talk
to Jill from the hospital about backup generation
capacity before taking a line out. - Information. Decisions depend often on having the
right information from other sources.. - activity/event. This describes the situation
where actions or events cannot take place without
another action/event occurring.
14Visualizing Interdependencies
- Hard to show in GIS
- Need to show different types
- Time/state
- (un)certainty of data
- Novel display environments
15 16(No Transcript)
17(No Transcript)
18- Table displays
- Large shared wall screens
- Private public
19A Prototype for GAANT Chart SchedulingVisualizati
on and Interaction
- Dependency Rationales
- Slack in start/stop date/times
- Screen layout for large charts
- Visual comparison of multiple charts
20Dependency Rationales
- Identify types of dependencies
- Color code to support decision making
- scroll over identifies type with icon
21Slack in start/stop date/times
- Microsoft Project assumes earliest start
- Display slack times
- Allow manipulation to utilize slack time
22Screen layout for large charts
- Radial display mode
- Organize based on critical path
- minimize crossings and long arcs
23Visual comparison of multiple charts
- Ability to display multiple charts
- Linking to identify common elements
- Visual highlighting of differences
24Understanding interdependency we need your input
- Physical elements of the physical environment
that depend on other elements. - SIMULATOR and SCHEMATICS from existing
infrastructure data. - Resource goods/services that are needed.
- SIMULATOR ? .
- Role/person the right people being in the right
place. - PROCEDURES (incomplete), EXPERT KNOWLEDGE
- Elicit and capture
- Information.
- PROCEDURES, DOCUMENTATION (incomplete), EXPERT
KNOWLEDGE - Elicit and capture
- Activity/event.
- PROCEDURES (incomplete) and EXPERT KNOWLEDGE
- Elicit and capture