Los Mandatos

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Los Mandatos

• Por Mateo L.

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Los Usos

• Commands take specific endings depending upon the
  person they are directed.
• Commands may be given in tú, usted, nosotros,
  vosotros, and ustedes forms.
• The most common of these forms is the tú form,
  whose spelling depends on if the command is
  positive or negative (vosotros does the same as
  well).

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Mandatos de Tú

• To form a positive tú command, go to the
  él/ella/usted form of the verb.
• This includes if the verb is a stem changer.
• To form a negative tú command, go to the yo form
  of the verb, drop the o, and add as (if the
  verb is er/ir) or es (if the verb is ar).
• This includes stem changes, pirate verbs, and
  other forms.

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Los Reflexivos

• In reflexive verbs, the negative tú command
  remains the norm, but positive commands require a
  special form.
• The verb is originally formed as normal positive
  commands, but the (te) part of the verb must be
  added to the end.
• Because another syllable is being added onto the
  word, certain aspects of the verb must be
  stressed (accented) in order to maintain flow.
• After adding on the IOP (indirect object
  pronoun), stress the third to last syllable. If
  the verb does not have that many syllables, it
  does not need to be stressed.
• Example moverse ? muévete
• A strong syllable (a,e,o) always is stressed
  before a weak (i,u).

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Los Irregulares - Positivo

• Of course, there are irregular verbs specifically
  for the positive tú form. These include
• decir ? di venir ? ven
• hacer ? haz tener ? ten
• ser ? se poner ? pon
• ir ? ve salir ? sal
• An easy way to remember this is with the
  expression
• Di Haz SeVen Ten Ponies in her Salon

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Los Irregulares - Negativo

• And there exists a separate set of irregulars for
  the very same list for negatives
• decir ? no digas venir ? no vengas
• hacer ? no hagas tener ? no tengas
• ser ? no seas poner ? no pongas
• ir ? no vayas salir ? no salgas

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Ejemplos de Mandatos de Tú

1. correr ()
2. corre
3. venir (-)
4. no vengas
5. divertirse ()
6. diviértete
7. sentarse (-)
8. no te sientes
9. resolver ()
10. resuelve

1. empezar (-)
2. no empieces
3. estar ()
4. está
5. tocar (-)
6. no toques
7. pagar (-)
8. no pagues
9. mostrar ()
10. muestra

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1. jugar (-)
2. no juegues
3. cerrar ()
4. cierra
5. tener (-)
6. no tengas
7. despertarse ()
8. despiértate
9. encontrar (-)
10. no encuentres

• dormir ()
• duerme
• servir (-)
• no sirvas
• vestirse ()
• vístate
• pedir (-)
• no pidas
• irse ()
• vete

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Mandatos de Usted

• Sometimes, commands are used formally.
• To form an usted command, go to the yo form of
  the verb and drop the o, adding an a (if er/ir)
  or an e (if ar).
• This ending is essentially the negative tú
  command form without the s.
• The positive and negative forms of each command
  are identical.

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• Rules regarding reflexives and irregulars are the
  same, except a se is used instead of a te.
• The negative form of the irregular verbs will be
  used as an usted command, disregarding the s.
• Example poner (/-) ? (no) ponga
• reírse (/-) ? ríase, no se ría
• Pirate verbs are essentially the same as negative
  tú commands, disregarding the s.

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Ejemplos de Mandatos de Usted

1. llegar ()
2. llegue
3. hablar (-)
4. no hable
5. volver ()
6. vuelva
7. sentirse (-)
8. no se sienta
9. dar ()
10. dé

• salir (-)
• no salga
• regar ()
• riegue
• entender (-)
• no entienda
• sacar ()
• saque
• rendirse ()
• ríndase

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Mandatos de Ustedes

• Commands may also be given to a group of
  individuals.
• To form an ustedes command, simply add an n onto
  the would be usted form (-yo form, drop o,
  opposite ending, add n).
• The same rules regarding reflexive and irregulars
  for usted apply to this group.

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Ejemplos de Mandatos de Ustedes

1. colgar ()
2. cuelguen
3. recordar (-)
4. no recuerden
5. querer ()
6. quieran
7. ser (-)
8. no sean
9. preferir (-)
10. no prefieran

• peinarse ()
• péinense
• repetir (-)
• no repitan
• beber ()
• beban
• conseguir (-)
• no consigan
• decir ()
• digan

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Mandatos de Nosotros

• Commands may also be given in the nosotros form,
  and follow a very similar pattern to usted and
  ustedes commands.
• The verb is taken to the yo form, the o is
  dropped, an the opposite ending is added (amos
  for er/ir emos for ar).
• The same endings are used for irregular and
  pirate verbs as well, except amos/emos is added
  instead.

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Excepciones de Nosotros

• In nosotros commands, the stem changer is NOT
  taken by the verb.
• However, a slipper verb (3rd person preterite)
  form WILL be used in nosotros.
• Encontrar ? encontremos (no stem change)
• Dormir ? durmamos (slipper change)

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Reflexivos de Nosotros

• Reflexives differ as well.
• Positive commands still require accents instead,
  the verb will be conjugated without stem change
  to an usted command and monos will be added onto
  the end of the verb.
• Example mover ? movámonos
• This explains the common expression vámonos, or
  lets go.

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Ejemplos de Mandatos de Nosotros

1. poner ()
2. pongamos
3. comer (-)
4. no comamos
5. servir ()
6. sirvamos
7. saber (-)
8. no sepamos
9. acostarse ()
10. acostémonos

• comenzar (-)
• no comencemos
• devolver ()
• devolvamos
• poder (-)
• no podamos
• pedir ()
• pidamos
• hacer(-)
• no hagamos

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Mandatos de Vosotros

• Commands may be in the vosotros form as well
• Vosotros commands essentially are the same as tú
  commands, but differ slightly.
• In positive commands, a d is simply added onto
  the end of a positive tú command.
• Example estAR? estAD
• venIR? venID
• comER? comED

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• In negative commands, go to the yo form of the
  verb, drop the o, and add the opposite endings
  (áis for er/ir éis for ar)
• Example llamar ? no llaméis
• Example creer ? no creáis
• The rules for irregular, relexive, and pirate
  verbs apply for vosotros the same as for tú.

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Ejemplos de Mandatos de Vosotros

1. estar ()
2. estad
3. jugar (-)
4. no juguéis
5. acordarse ()
6. acordaos
7. pensar (-)
8. no penséis
9. elegir ()
10. elegid

• seguir (-)
• no sigáis
• ir ()
• id
• mentir (-)
• no mintáis
• requerer ()
• requered
• aprobarse (-)
• no os aprobéis