Rules

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Rules

• Please pay attention
• No talking
• No cells phones due to testing.
• No music devices

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DNA Protein Synthesis TAKS Obj. 2
3
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Nucleus Chromosomes Genes Se
gments of DNA
gene
4
DNA Structure

• Double Helix

5
What is DNA made of?
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Nitrogen Bases A Adenine T Thymine C
Cytosine G Guanine
2
3
6
Base Pairing in DNA
Adenine
always binds with
Thymine
AT
Guanine
always binds with
Cytosine
GC
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Replication

• DNA Replication
• results in
• TWO
• IDENTICAL
• strands of DNA

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1. Fill in the complimentary side of the DNA
strand.
C T A G C T A G C T A G G C G A T C T A
T
G
T
C
G
A
T
C
G
A
T
C
C
G
C
T
A
G
A
A
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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (how DNA produces traits)

• DNA

Transcription
RNA
architect
Translation
Protein
Construction company
Building
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DNA
RNA

• Single stranded
• Moves in and out of
  
  nucleus
• 3 types (mRNA, rRNA,
• tRNA)
• A-U
• G-C
• Contains ribose

• Double stranded
• Stays in nucleus
• A-T
• G-C
• Contains deoxyribose

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2. Fill in the mRNA strand that is complimentary
to the DNA sequence below.
C T A G C T A G C T A G G C G A T C T A
G
A
U
U
G
U
A
C
G
A
U
C
G
A
U
C
C
G
C
A
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Step 1
DNA RNA
TRANSCRIPTION DNA code is copied into mRNA
(messenger RNA)
U replaces T in RNA
ACGTTGATT DNA sequence
UGCAACUAA mRNA sequence
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Step 2
Chains of amino acids!

• RNA Protein

• TRANSLATION
• mRNA codons are read by ribosomes in the
  cytoplasm of the cell.
• Transfer RNA (tRNA) delivers amino acids to the
  ribosome according to the codon sequence in the
  mRNA.

UGCAACUAA mRNA sequence
codons
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3. Circle the codons above.
U
G
A
U
C
G
A
U
C
G
A
U
C
C
G
C
G
A
U
A
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2nd
3rd
1st
Ex. UGC
Codes for Cysteine
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2nd
1st
3rd
You try ACC UAA
Threonine
STOP end of protein!
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DNA sequence is the blueprint.

• Proteins
• Enzymes
• Hormones
• Structural molecules

RNA reads the blueprint and builds the protein.
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6C BIO 11/04
Mutation any change in the sequence of bases
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6C BIO 10/03
FYI, its a boy
Diploid organisms like humans get 2 copies of
every chromosome-----one copy from mom one from
dad Nondisjunction results in 3 copies of a
chromosome
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6C BIO 11/06
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6C BIO 11/06
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6C BIO 11/04
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6A BIO 10-04
TTAGCG AATCGC
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6B BIO
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6A BIO 11/05
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6B BIO 11/05
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6B BIO D 11/06
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4. List the amino acids sequence coded for in the
sequence above.
U
U
G
C
G
A
U
C
G
A
U
C
C
G
C
G
A
U
A
A
Stop,
Arginine,
Serine,
Isoleucine,
Arginine,
Aspartic Acid,
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5. A mistake made in this process is called a
____________.

• Mutation

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Good Luck!!!