Setting Up

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Setting Up
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Reviving Hima Conserving Biodiversity and
Sustainably Managing Land through Community
Conserved Areas
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
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Desertification is defined by UNCCD as land
degradation in the drylands

• Between 10 and 20 of drylands are subject to
  desertification
• Desertification exacerbates poverty, creates food
  and water insecurity and aggravates conflict
• Global cost of desertification 42 billion USD
  annually
• Estimated cost of preventing it 2.4 billion USD

Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
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Naturally and Human activities.

• Overgrazing of rangeland,
• Inappropriate land management that encourages
  soil erosion by wind and water,
• Inappropriate irrigation management leading to
  salinization,
• Degradation of the natural vegetative diversity.
• In addition to land use change.

Setting Up
Degradation of the natural vegetative diversity.
International Union for Conservation of Nature
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Drivers of Desertification

• Poor understanding of dryland ecology
• Weak consultation with resource managers
• Weak communal tenure arrangements and governance
• Unsupportive policies and investments
• Human poverty and population dynamics
• Climate change and climatic uncertainty
• Fragmentation of landscapes

Desertification is one of todays greatest
environmental challenges, and is a major
impediment to meeting basic human needs in
drylands and elsewhere
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Responding to challenges in Drylands

• Different initiatives to restore land and managed
  biodiversity
• Researches
• Infrastructure
• Protected Areas
• Awareness Campaigns
• .
• .

Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
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So Is It Management or Governance !!!!!!
Setting Up
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Governance and Management
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International Union for Conservation of Nature
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IUCN recognize four broad types of governance

• Governance types are defined on
• Basis of who holds management authority and
  responsibility
• and can be held accountable for a specific
  protected area

Setting Up
The Four Types are A. Governance by
government B. Shared governance C. Private
governance D. Governance by indigenous peoples
and local communities
International Union for Conservation of Nature
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How different actors assess the governance types
???
Different Perspectives Governance Type A Governance by Government Governance Type B Shared Governance Governance Type C D Private governance and By local Community
Government Agency Enforcing rules and repressing violations Negotiating specific agreement Sharing responsibility informal way Recognizing transferring authorities and responsibilities
Local Community Losing all control on land resources Letting government take most of decisions Negotiating agreement to share formally or informally the management authority and responsibility Conserving or talking on full management authority and responsibility and remaining independents
NGO Let the government dealing with that alone Support government to communicate with local actors and achieve their support Facilitating the negotiation of specific management agreement Letting the local actors deal with that alone
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
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So Good Governance is

• It is Interaction between the State and its
  Citizens
• Rules laws and other norms
• Institutions
• Processes
• Principles

Governance is more than Government
International Union for Conservation of Nature
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Laws and other norms Institutions Processes
?
Transparency
Predictability/ Rule of Law
?
?
Accountability
?
Participation

Tonle Sap exercise
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Hima As a solution !!!!!
Setting Up
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Hima Governance Model
The word Hima (Arabic ???) originally means
protection and refers to an area set aside for
conservation. Its a traditional conservation
system used by Bedouins to organize grazing and
keep lands protected and conserved
It is a community conserved area It is in
practice PA category 5

• International Union for Conservation of Nature

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Can Top Down Be Wise for Restoration ????!!!!!!!
Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories
Ia Strict Nature Reserve Lb Wilderness areas National Park iii Natural Monument iii Natural Monument Iv Habitat/ Species Management V Protected Landscape/ Seascape Vi Managed Resource
Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection
Active time- limited restoration Active time- limited restoration Active time- limited restoration Active time- limited restoration Active time- limited restoration Active time- limited restoration
Continuous restoration Continuous restoration Continuous restoration Continuous restoration
Continuous Restoration for biodiversity and human needs Continuous Restoration for biodiversity and human needs
Setting Up
International Union for Conservation of Nature
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SO HIMA In a Management and Governance Matrix
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International Union for Conservation of Nature
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Conserve Reserve Will share with you what we
observe !!!!!!
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A case from Zarqa River Basin!!!!!!

• The Zarqa River Basin represents a transitional
  area between the semi arid high lands in the west
  to the dry desert in the east.
• Biodiversity is being lost and improper land use
  and heavy ground water extraction are important
  causes of degradation of land and vegetation.

3,900 Km2 area
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The Governance theory in Restoring Land

• International Union for Conservation of Nature

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Strengthen Governance

• Strengthening Local Government
• To reach the stage of full decentralization the
  capacity building
• Empowerment local level
• - Empowering the local community to be able to
  participate in the decision making process
  concerning their natural resources.

Through building their accountability
It will probably gives further insights in
decision-making and concerted actions processes,
while deepening understanding on attitudes and
believes of related Stakeholders

• International Union for Conservation of Nature

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Legitimising Hima

• Legal avenues identified and political dialogue
  to identify acceptable approaches
• Land for protection identified by communities
• Allocation of land approved by government
• Dept. rangelands and Badia development
• Dept tourism and antiquities

• Rules and regulations developed by communities
• Inter-community dialogue to enforce rules
  enforcement is key

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What we did not do

• Investment in infrastructure
• Fencing
• Extensive technical advice

The key is community autonomy and leadership with
government support
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Make a cross linkage between environmental,
social and economic benefits
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Results

• 4 plots under improved management and
  conservation (approx. 1000 ha)
• Running 4 years so end-results are modest
• Major change in attitude and behaviour amongst
  communities
• Significant support from Jordanian Ministry of
  Agriculture
• Updating Range Land strategy

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Results

• Biodiversity benefits recovery of floral species
• De facto IUCN Protected Area Category 5
• Built on local knowledge and expertise in
  conservation and rangeland management
• Dual development and conservation impacts

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Results

• Return of plants with medicinal values (e.g.
  artemesia spp.)
• Return of wildlife and possible hunting
  concessions (e.g. partridge)

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Framework for Change Bridging Gender Gap
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• Womens unique knowledge and skills are essential
  for effective combating and conservation measures
  and policies.
• Women are important agents of change as managers
  of natural resources
• Supporting economic and income generating options
  for rural communities.

• International Union for Conservation of Nature

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Bani Hashem Hima Site

• International Union for Conservation of Nature

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Bani Hashem Hima Site
Year Year Year Year Year Year Year
2013 2014 2015 2016
HBH 1 Grazing HBH 1 No Grazing HBH 1 Grazing HBH 1 No Grazing
HBH 2 Grazing HBH 2 Grazing HBH 2 No Grazing HBH 2 Grazing
HBH 3 No Grazing HBH 3 Grazing HBH 3 Grazing HBH 3 Grazing
Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site. Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site. Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site. Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site. Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site. Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site. Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site.

• International Union for Conservation of Nature

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Bani Hashem Hima Site

• International Union for Conservation of Nature

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Bani Hashem Hima Site

• International Union for Conservation of Nature

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HIMA is Not Something fixed
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The sustainability of specific NRM measures are
at risk when those directly concerned in local
communities are not involved and have no
ownership over the resource or the way it is used
and managed.

• International Union for Conservation of Nature

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Possibilities Are Endless
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Setting Up