Chapter 5 Computer Organization

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Chapter 5 Computer Organization
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Objective

• ?????,??????????????????????????,??????????????,??
  ????,???????????,???? internet?
• ????????????????,CPU?main memory ?
  I/O???????????????????,????????????????

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Mother Board

• What do you find?

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Computer Hardware
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Outlines

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Main Memory
• Input/Output
• Subsystem Interconnection
• Program Execution
• Different Architectures
• Key Terms
• Summary
• Homework

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Section 5.1Computer Processing Unit
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• CPU performs operations on data.
• CPU has three parts arithmetic logic unit (ALU),
  control unit, a set of registers.

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Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

• Perform the arithmetic and logic operations
• Simplest arithmetic operations
• Increment (add 1), decrement (subtract 1)
• Add, subtract
• Simple logic operations
• NOT, AND, OR, XOR
• Shift
• Memory transfer

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Registers

• Fast stand-alone storage locations that hold data
  temporarily
• Data Register (R)
• Instruction Register (IR)
• Program Counter (PC)

R1
R3
ADD
R2
PC
Memory
Fetch
IR
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Control Unit

• Control the operations of CPU
• Using wires to send commands

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Question 1

• What is register?
• Describe the different types of registers.
• There are 4 lines to control the operations of
  ALU. How many operations in this ALU?

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Section 5.2Main Memory
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Memory

• Memory is a collection of storage locations.
• Data are transferred to and from memory in group
  of bits called words.
• A words can be a group of 8 bits (i.e., byte), 16
  bits (2-byte word), 32 bits (4-byte word) or 64
  bits.

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Memory Units

• Unit Exact Number of Bytes
  Approximation
• Kilobyte 210(1024) bytes 103 bytes
  (1KB)
• Megabyte 220(1,048,576) bytes 106 bytes (1MB)
• Gigabyte 230bytes 109
  bytes (1GB)
• Terabyte 240bytes 1012
  bytes
• Petabyte 250bytes 1015
  bytes
• Exabyte 260bytes 1018
  bytes

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Address of Words
contents (values)

• Each word is identified by an address.
• Ex 1 a 32 bytes memory and a word size of 4 byte
  has an address space that ranges from 0 to 7.
• 4 byte