Comparative Emergency Management

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Comparative Emergency Management

• Session 27 Slide Deck

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Session Objectives

1. Define the Multilateral Organizations
2. Describe the United Nations, and Provide Examples
   of How it Participates in Emergency Management
3. Define Regional Multilateral Organizations, and
   Provide Two Brief Examples of Regional
   Multilateral Organizations Involved in Emergency
   Management

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Multilateral Organization

• An organization that is made up of central
  governments of individual countries

4
Organizational Possibilities

• Globally-based
• Regionally-based
• Organized around a common issue or function

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The United Nations

• The General Assembly
• The Security Council
• The Economic and Social Council
• The Trusteeship Council
• The Secretariat
• The International Court of Justice

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OCHA

• Established to accommodate the needs of victims
  of disasters and emergencies
• Coordinates assistance provided by the UN system
  in emergencies that exceed the capacity and
  mandate of any individual agency

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OCHA Categories of Response

• Coordinating the international humanitarian
  response
• Providing support and policy development to the
  humanitarian community
• Advocating for humanitarian issues to ensure that
  the overall direction of relief reflects the
  general needs of recovery and peace building

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OCHA Leadership, Components, and Offices

• Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC)
• The Inter-Agency Steering Committee (IASC)
• Disaster Response System
• UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination Team
  (UNDAC)
• Humanitarian Coordinator (HC)
• On-Site Operations Coordination Center (OSOCC)
• Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs
  (ECHA)
• Donor Relations Section (DRS)

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IASC Coordination Actions

• Developing common strategies
• Assessing situations and needs
• Convening coordination forums
• Mobilizing resources
• Addressing common problems
• Administering coordination mechanisms and tools

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IASC Objectives

• Develop / agree on system-wide humanitarian
  policies
• Allocate responsibilities among agencies
• Develop and agree on a common ethical framework
• Advocate common humanitarian principles to
  parties outside the IASC
• Identify areas where gaps in mandates or lack of
  operational capacity exist
• Resolve disputes or disagreement about and
  between humanitarian agencies on system-wide
  humanitarian issues

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DESA Actions

• Compiles, generates, and analyzes economic,
  social, and environmental data and information
• Facilitates negotiations of members in on joint
  courses of action to address ongoing or emerging
  global challenges
• Advises national governments on translating
  UN-developed policy frameworks into country-level
  programs and helps build national capacities

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UNCRD

• Supports training and research on regional
  development issues and facilitates information
  dissemination and exchange
• Maintains a Disaster Management Planning Office
  that researches and develops community-based,
  sustainable projects for disaster management
  planning and capacity-building in developing
  countries

13
UNDP

• Capacity building central to the UNDP mission
• Empowers host countries to be better able to
  address issues of national importance
• Moved into the area of disaster management as
  more disasters affected larger populations and
  caused greater financial impacts
• Developing nations where the UNDP works face the
  greatest disaster vulnerabilities
• Projects indirectly address mitigation /
  preparedness roles

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UNDP / BCPR Foci

• Natural disaster reduction
• Recovery
• Mine action
• Conflict prevention and peace building
• Justice and security sector reform
• Small arms and demobilization

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BCPR Disaster Reduction Unit

• Increasing capacity for disaster risk reduction
• Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into
  development
• Increasing investment in disaster risk reduction

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Other UN Agencies

• UN Childrens Fund (UNICEF)
• World Food Programme (WFP)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
• UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
• UN Disaster Management Team (UNDMT)

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CAP

• Allows humanitarian aid organizations to plan,
  implement, and monitor their activities
• Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP)
• Initiated in three types of situations
• When there is an acute humanitarian need caused
  by a conflict or a natural disaster
• When the government is either unable or unwilling
  to address the humanitarian need
• When a single UN agency cannot cover all
  requirements

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Regional Multilateral Orgs

• Address issues of regional / global importance
• Can be more focused / less bureaucratic
• Examples
• NATO
• EU
• OAS
• SADC
• CEPREDENAC
• CDERA