ALWD Citation Manual

1
ALWD Citation Manual

• The Third Edition

2
Philosophy

• Not change for the sake of change
• Goal to refine and clarify the rules
• Goal to respond to users inquires

3
Returning Features

• Fast formats
• Sidebars
• Diagramed examples
• More examples
• Detailed index
• Local court rules
• Two-color design
• Web site for updates

4
Notable Additions

• Capitalization of prepositions and titles in
  French, German, and Spanish.
• Guidance on citing to both a page number and a
  footnote or endnote number.
• Expanded coverage of basic international,
  foreign, and intergovernmental sources.
• Updated examples.
• Many clarifications and explanations.

5
Rule 1 Typeface

• Additions added to rule 1.1 and in Sidebar 23.2
  about how to use large and small capital letters
  as a typeface, when submitting material to law
  reviews or book publishers that require that type
  face.

6
Rule 2 Abbreviations

• Rule 2.3 permits the abbreviation U.S. in textual
  sentences, in addition to the abbreviations ,
  Assn., Bros., Co., Corp., Inc., Ltd., and No.

7
Rule 3 Capitalization

• New Sidebar 3.1 provides a list of prepositions
  commonly used in titles.
• New Rule 3.4 address capitalization rules for
  titles in French, German, and Spanish.

8
Rule 6 Sections Paragraphs

• Provides guidance when citing both a page number
  and a section and/or paragraph number.

9
Rule 7 When the Pinpoint Includes a
Footnote/Endnote

• Provides guidance on how to cite to both the page
  number and footnote or endnote numbers.
• Contains a new rule regarding how to cite to
  footnotes/endnotes when using Id.
• Harold J. Berman, The Historical Foundations of
  Law, 54 Emory L.J. 13, 16 nn. 25 (2005).
• Id. at 16 n. 4.

10
Rule 8 Supplements

• Provides guidance on how to cite to material that
  appears in multiple supplements.
• For example
• Citing multiple supplements, different years 17
  U.S.C. 512 (Supps. IV 1999 V 2000).
• Citing multiple supplements, same year
  17 U.S.C. 512(d)(1)(3) (Supps. IV V
  1994).

11
Rule 11 Short Citations

• Clarification of the use of the term at in
  short citations.
• Use at before the pinpoint page, section,
  paragraph, or other division.
• Id. at 564.
• Id. at 1.55.
• Id. at 8.
• Id. at tbl. 2.5.

12
Rule 12 Cases

• Provides guidance for citing bankruptcy cases.
• New subsections added to Rule 12.2
• Rule 12.2(r) how to cite to a case or group of
  cases that has become well known by a popular
  name.
• Rule 12.2(s) how to cite cases with multiple
  decisions
• Rule 12.4 has been rewritten to provide further
  clarification.

13
Rule 14 Statutes

• In order to reflect common practice by practicing
  attorneys, if the citation of a statute includes
  the statute title, the title should appear in
  ordinary type.
• Sidebar 14.2 now indicates that the abbreviation
  U.S.C. may be used when referring to a statute in
  a textual sentence.

14
Rule 19 Federal Regulations and Patents

• Rule 19.1(d) provides guidance on how to cite to
  C.F.R. sections that appear in electronic
  databases.
• New rule 19.13 shows how to cite to patents.

15
Rule 21 International Sources

• Expanded rule that includes fundamental
  information about citing to basic international,
  foreign, and intergovernmental sources.

16
Rule 22 Books

• Subsections added to show the following
• Rule 22.1(i)(4) how to cite to more than one
  publisher.
• Rule 22.1(n) how to cite to the Koran and the
  Talmud.
• Rule 22.1(o) how to cite to books in a foreign
  language.

17
Rules 23 Periodicals

• Provides further guidance about the placement of
  the comma when the article title ends with
  quotation marks.
• After the complete title, typically insert a
  comma and one space, and the comma is not
  italicized.
• For example
• Neil Gotanda, A Critique of Our Constitution Is
  Color-Blind , 44 Stan. L. Rev. 1 (1991).
• New sections have been added to show the
  following
• Rule 23.1(j) how to cite to a letter to the
  editor.
• Rule 23.1(k) how to cite to a cartoon or comic
  strip.
• Rule 23.1(l) how to cite to an advertisement.

18
Rule 37 Working Papers

• Rule 37.3 has been added to show how to cite
  working papers, including material that appears
  on SSRN.

19
Rule 40 Blogs

• Rule 40.3 has been added to show how to cite to
  weblogs.

20
Rule 44 Explanatory Parentheticals

• Clarification added to Rules 44.4 and 46.1 to
  explain that explanatory parentheticals should be
  used to assist the reader, not to be included any
  time that a signal is used.

21
Rule 45 Order of Authorities

• Foreign, international, and intergovernmental
  organization sources have been added to the
  specific order of authorities in Rule 45.4.
• Rule 45.4(c)(9) clarifies where electronic
  sources should be inserted.

22
Rule 48 Footnotes within a Block Quote

• Rule 48.3 has been added to explain how to add a
  note reference number within a block quote, by
  enclosing the superscripted number in brackets.

23
Appendices

• All appendices are included in the third edition,
  instead of some of the appendices being located
  in the book and others on the Web site.
• Added country and regional abbreviations to
  Appendix 3.

24
Sample Law School Adoptions

• American University
• Arizona State
• Boston University
• BYU
• Case Western
• Chicago-Kent
• Emory
• Florida International
• Fordham
• New York Law School
• Northwestern University
• Rutgers (Camden Newark)
• St. Louis University
• Temple University
• University of Arizona
• University of California Hastings
• University of Colorado

• University of Dayton
• University of Florida
• University of Idaho
• University of Las Vegas, Nevada
• University of Louisville
• University of Maine
• University of Michigan
• University of Missouri (Columbia KC)
• University of Oregon
• University of South Dakota
• University of Texas
• University of Utah
• University of Wyoming
• Vanderbilt
• Villanova
• Wake Forest
• Wayne State

25
Questions/Discussion