Pakistan: a failed state -AN OVERVIEW

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Pakistan a failed state-AN OVERVIEW
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Noam Chomskys paradigm example of a failed state

• Noted philosopher and political activist Noam
  Chomsky has said Pakistan is a "paradigm example
  of a failed state" that has undergone an
  "extremely dangerous form of radical
  Islamisation".
• The country is now in danger of "collapsing" as
  it grapples with rebellion, militancy and
  extremism that is "getting worse" and the
  assassination of former premier Benazir Bhutto
  might increase unrest in Sindh and FATA, Chomsky
  told the a newspaper in an interview

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Gilanis counter-accusation

• Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani has strongly
  rejected the impression that Pakistan was a
  failed state, and said the country's all vital
  institutions were functioning properly.
• Addressing a special session on Pakistan and its
  neighbours, Gilani termed it "unfair" on part of
  the international community to view Pakistan as a
  failed state and said country's Constitution,
  parliament, judiciary and the media were
  indicators of the fact that it was not a failed
  state.

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• Islamic Republic of Pakistan ?????? ???????
  ???????? Islami Jumhuri-ye Pakistan
• Flag State Emblem 'Motto '?????? ?????? ????
  ?????Ittehad, Tanzeem, Yaqeen-e-Muhkam  (Urdu)"U
  nity, Discipline and Faith
• Anthem  ???? ?????Qaumi Tarana
• Capital IslamabadLargest city Karachi
• Official language(s) Urdu (National) English
  Regional languages Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi,
  Seraiki and Balochi
• Founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah  - 
• President Asif Zardari (PPP)  -  Prime Minister
  Yousaf Gillani (PPP)  -  Chief Justice Iftikhar
  Chaudhry  -  Chair of Senate Farooq Naek (PPP)
• Islamic republic 23 March 1956 

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• Provinces
• Balochistan
• Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
• Punjab
• Sindh

• Territories
• Islamabad
• Federally Administered Tribal Areas
• Azad Jammu and Kashmir
• Gilgit-Baltistan

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Army-Centric development

• With India having a population that is seven
  times as big as that of Pakistan, the Indian army
  should have been at least three or four times the
  size of the Pakistan army. But that is not the
  case the Indian army is less than one and a half
  times as big as the Pakistani army. That is
  because, since independence India has spent
  relatively more on development and less on
  defence while Pakistan has spent almost
  everything on arms and very little on
  development.

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Population

• The Pakistani paper the Jang reported in
  September 2003
• Pakistan's population will swell to 349 million
  by year 2050, making it the fourth most populated
  country in the world
• The population growth has caused an eight-time
  increase in the unemployment...With almost one
  third of the population living in abject poverty,
  54 million people do not have access to safe
  drinking water ... 53.5 million are illiterates.
  The population explosion has led to the shortage
  of educational facilities, health services,
  housing units, food, living space, arable land
  and clean water

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Social Structure

• In an editorial in the Indian Express that
  appeared on January 28th 2002, VP Dutt wrote
• Another fundamental flaw is the very narrow
  social base of the ruling elite. Pakistan is
  ruled by four interest groups or their coalition
  military, bureaucracy, the feudal lords and the
  industrial barons. Making up the nucleus of these
  four interest groups, it is believed, are a dozen
  corps commanders, nearly 2,000 landlords owning
  more than half the cultivable land, a cadre of
  nearly 1,000 officers and less than 50 industrial
  families. It is they who own Pakistan and rule in
  the name of the people.

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Middle class?

• A curious anomaly of Pakistan is the almost
  complete absence of a "middle class". The middle
  class in Pakistan have been estimated as being
  about 10 to 12 million in total forming about 8
  of the population. The contrast with India now is
  stunning with estimates of the middle class in
  India forming about 25 to 30 of the population.
• A large middle class is an indicator of the
  development of a society from the traditional
  feudal pattern into a more modern society.

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Education

• The state of education in Pakistan was described
  by Raymond Bonner in the New York Times on 31st
  March 2002
• Pakistan's literacy rate ranks below that of
  countries like Haiti, Rwanda and Sudan, according
  to the most recent United Nations Development
  Program report.
• Pakistan's most recent budget sets aside 107
  million for education, compared with 2 billion
  for the military.

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Madrassa Education

• According to Dr. Tariq Rahman, Professor of
  Linguistics and South Asian Studies, Quaid-i-Azam
  University, Islamabad, Pakistan had only 137
  madrassas in 1947. Dr. Rahman writes of Pakistani
  madrassas-
• In 1950 there were 210 of them while in 1971 they
  increased to 563. Nowadays there are at least
  7000 of them. After the 1971 war of liberation of
  Bangladesh, the process of making Pakistanis more
  Islamic, the so called Islamization of Pakistan
  was given impetus. It was initiated by Prime
  Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and the Pakistani
  General Zia ul Haq who removed Bhutto in a coup
  and later hanged him, accelerated the process.
  The exact number of madrassas cannot be known
  because of the lack of registration or census.
• But during the Cold War, the number of madrassas
  burgeoned rapidly and tens of thousands were set
  up offering only a narrow interpretation of Islam
  in which young people were indoctrinated into the
  concept of a violent jihad against unbelievers,
  and taught to believe that death on the
  battlefield fighting against the enemies of Islam
  such as the Soviet Union would ensure eternal
  paradise for the Islamic fighters.

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Curricula in schools

• The following quotes are taken from an in depth
  study of what Pakistani school children are being
  taught in a compilation entitled The Subtle
  Subversion - The State of Curricula and Textbooks
  in Pakistan by A.H. Nayyar and Ahmed Salim
• Madrassas are not the only institutions breeding
  hate, intolerance, a distorted world view, etc.
  The educational material in the government run
  schools do much more than madrassas. The
  textbooks tell lies, create hate, incite for
  jehad and shahadat, and much more. Children are
  now taught that the history of Pakistan starts
  from the day the first Muslim set foot in India.
  History and Pakistan studies textbooks rarely
  mention the ancient and non-controversial
  cultures of the Indus valley (Moenjodaro,
  Harrappa and Kot Diji), and completely bypass the
  entire Buddhist and Hindu periods of history.
• A call for change was made by Pakistani Federal
  Minister for Education Ms Zobaida Jalal in a
  statement published in the Pakistan Tribune
  online in March 2004
• a committee has been constituted to work out
  recommendations for deletion of material from
  curricula which is aimed at fomenting hatred
  against India adding that the committee will
  submit its recommendations within a month.
  Several social organizations have raised
  objection that hatred is fanned against India
  through the curricula of educational institutions
  in Pakistan. Government has set up a committee to
  look into the matter and send its recommendations
  within a month

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Economy and exports

• Pakistan remains primarily an agricultural
  economy. Not a single wrist-watch, scooter or
  motorcycle has appeared on the international
  market with a Made in Pakistan label on it
• Diversified economies of Karachi and Punjab's
  urban centers, coexist with lesser developed
  areas in other parts of the country
• The Economic crisis of 2008 led Pakistan to seek
  more than 100 billion in aid in order to avoid
  possible bankruptcy.This was never given to
  Pakistan and it had to depend on a more
  aggressive fiscal policy, backed by the IMF
• Apparel and textiles accounts for nearly 60 of
  exports
• Industry Food processing, chemicals
  manufacture, and the iron and steel industries
• Karachi's Orangi Township has surpassed Dharavi
  as Asias largest slum.

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Façade of Indigenous production

• Pakistani spokespersons never tire of speaking of
  Pakistan's indigenous missiles - given names like
  Hatf, Ghauri and Shaheen. These brave names may
  perhaps be essential for national pride, but even
  a cursory search of authoritative sources shows
  that Pakistan's Hatf, Ghauri and Shaheen missiles
  are Chinese M-9 or M-11 missiles, or North Korean
  No-Dong missiles
• Pakistani authorities have to maintain a facade
  of indigenous production for items that are
  widely known to be imported. The most likely
  reason for maintaining this charade of indigenous
  development of missiles is to obscure the fact
  that dangerous, nuclear capable missiles are
  being supplied by countries like China and North
  Korea to Pakistan ignoring international treaties
  that forbid such exports

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Pakistans trouble belt

• Pakistan's border region with Afghanistan serves
  as a safe haven for domestic and international
  terrorist groups. Since 9/11, it has caused
  tension with Kabul and sparked international
  security concerns. The region also poses one of
  the greatest challenges toward building a stable
  Afghanistan. The 1,600-mile border, known as the
  Durand Line, divides tribes of the Pashtun ethnic
  group on either side of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
  But the boundary drawn by the British in 1893 was
  never recognized by Afghanistan and has long been
  disregarded by tribal clans in the area.
• The Pakistan side of the border includes the
  provinces of Balochistan, the North West Frontier
  Province, and the seven tribal agencies of the
  Federally Administered Tribal Areas. On the
  Afghan side, the frontier stretches from Nuristan
  province in the northeast to Nimruz in the
  southwest.

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FATA

• Islamabad has historically held limited power
  over this semiautonomous tribal region made up of
  seven agencies of various Pashtun tribes. It is
  the poorest and the least developed part of
  Pakistan, marked by harsh geography and scarce
  infrastructure. After 9/11, the area came under
  scrutiny over concern that terrorists, including
  al-Qaeda operatives, sought shelter and training
  there.
• Under U.S. pressure, the Pakistani government has
  sought to control militancy by deploying
  thousands of Pakistani troops in the region, but
  it has achieved little success as militancy has
  grown and security across the country has
  deteriorated. So far, Pakistan's military
  strategy to deal with the insurgency has involved
  peace deals with militants interspersed with
  military offensives that employ heavy force to
  clear militant-held areas. In 2008, the United
  States started a covert program of air strikes
  using unmanned drone aircraft to target suspected
  terrorists in the tribal areas. These strikes
  have fueled anti-Americanism inside Pakistan.
  While officially the Pakistani government
  denounces these strikes, according to news
  reports these strikes have been quietly approved
  by the Pakistani army and the government.

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North West Frontier Province

• Pakistans military efforts to control extremism
  in the tribal areas following 9/11 had the
  unintended consequence of causing bloodshed in
  the bordering North West Frontier Province
  (NWFP). Suicide attacks are on the rise, and in
  2009, the Pakistani government launched an
  aggressive military campaign to regain districts
  of Swat and Buner from the Taliban.
• Fiercely independent Pashtuns make up the largest
  ethnic group in the North West Frontier Province,
  as well as half the population of Afghanistan.
  The area is thought to harbor al-Qaeda and
  Taliban supporters.

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BALOCHISTAN

• The Baloch tribes of this resource-rich,
  poverty-stricken province have long been angered
  over what they say is Islamabads failure to
  develop the area, the influx of
  Pashtunsincluding Afghan refugeesand Punjabis
  into the area, and contamination linked to the
  1998 nuclear test. A large number of Balochs live
  in Iran as well, leading to border tensions
  between the two countries.
• Balochistan has seen multiple, usually ethnically
  driven, insurgency movements since 1948, and the
  Pakistani state has often used brutal military
  force to suppress them. More recently, these
  insurgencies have been driven by political and
  economic marginalization, with Balochis demanding
  greater job opportunities at the newly
  constructed Gwadar port as well as a greater
  share of royalties for gas shipped to neighboring
  provinces.
• The ethnic Pashtun-dominated Taliban is also
  active throughout Balochistan, particularly in
  the city of Quetta. Quetta is most likely the
  place Osama bin Laden and Afghan Taliban leader
  Mullah Mohammad Omar are hiding, according to
  some analysts. Several terrorist attacks,
  primarily of utilities and transportation
  targets, have been linked to the violent arm of
  the nationalist movement known as the Baloch
  Liberation Army.

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