Title: Astronomy and Space Science
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M54 (???) ???? 7.6 -10.0
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????(M57) ????? 8.8 -0.3
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- I sT4
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- L 4pR2sT4
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10??????? ?
???????????,???????????????????????????????????
??. ???????????? L 4pR2sT4 ? LSun
4pRSun2sTSun4 ???
L/LSun (R/RSun)2 (T/TSun)4.
??????????, L R2
T4, ? R L1/2 / T2. ??.?????
(R1/R2)3 / (T1/T2)2 (M1/M2), (?????)
         ????????,??????????,????
R13 / T12 M1, M1 ???????
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- ???????????OBAFGKM.
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??????? Oh, Be A Fine Girl/Guy, Kiss Me.
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?? R L1/2 / T4, ????????????????????
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- vr ??????
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????????????????
http//www2.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/ciubotar/publi
c_html/Starsevol/specbin-anim.gif
15???????????????
- ?????,?????????????????????????????????????
- ????? vr v cos? r? cos? , ,?? r ?????, ?????
- ??,??????? r ??? T????????,???????????
http//www.roe.ac.uk/pmw/RVorbit.htm
http//www2.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/ciubotar/publi
c_html/Starsevol/specbin-anim.gif
16??????
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????????? - ??,??????????????,???????,?????????????????
- ??????????,???????????,??????????????
- 1970??,?????????????????????(inclination
angle)???0???????????,???????????
17?????
- ??????????,??????????????
- ????????????????,???????v H d
- ???? H ?????????? 70 km/s/Mpc.
- ??????,????????,?????????????????????
- ????????????????????????,?????(??-??)?????,???????
??????
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_law
18?????
19????????????
http//partnernet.hktb.com/pnweb/jsp/comm/index.js
p
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- ?30-60 ??????????
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http//dcfever.com/photosharing/enlargephoto.php?p
hotoID350951
21? ???????????
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??????????? ????????????????????????????????????
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22? ???????????????
? ?????? m1 and m2 ???????? 100(m2-m1)/5
????????????????? ?????????? m???? d ?????????10
pc ?,???????? M,??????? 100(M-m)/5
(d/10)2, ?10??,?????,?? M m 5
log10(d/10). ?????, M ??????? ????
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????????????? B V??????????? (???)???????????????
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M ????? L ,???????????????????????
23???????????????
?????????????? LSun/L 100
(M-MSun)/5 ?10?????,?????,?? M MSun 2.5
log10(LSun/L). ???????? 4.8 ,??? 3.831026W??? M
71.3 - 2.5 log10(L) ,? L ? W ???? ????????????
???,?????????m, d, M, L, R, T ????? m ? T
??????,? d ????????????, ??? d , M?L?R
???????????????????,????,?????????????????????????
,??????????
?????,???, ????????? L S Li (????)?????????????
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?????????????????? (1.22?/D )
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(VLA) ????27?????,?????????,?????????????? ??????
?? (VLBI)???????????????,?????????????????????????
?,????????
28? ???????????
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???? Prof. Bill Keel, University of Alabama ???
???? ??????,???M81???????? X??????????????
????????,??????????????????????,??????,???????????
O??B??,?X?????????????????? ????????,????????????
???????????????????????,??????????
29? ?????????????
? ????????????????????????????????????,????????U(
???) , B(??) ,V(??) ,R(??)??????????????????,?????
????????,??????,??????????????????????????,??RGB?
?,????????
????.??????????????????????????,????(???MU-MB),??
??????X??
30? ??????????????????????
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??, I(v)dv????????? d ??????????????????????????
????? L
? I(v)dv. ???????,?? xhv/kT,T4??????????
31? ????????????
? ???,????????,?????? A ? Q ????????????????????(
????????????????)???? ????,?????????????????????
???? ??????,???0 -9 ??? O1 ? O5 ?????G2??,????
B9,????M2? ??,????????????????,????G2V
,?????? ??????????????????? ????????(Wolf-Rayet
stars)? WR ?
32? ?????????
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?????5780 K ,????????????????????470 nm
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33? ????????,?????
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- ????????,????????????????????????,??(????),???,???
(????,??),??(???, CCD?,???,??)???(??,??,??)?
34? ???? Lsurf/Lspot (6000/4000)4 5
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35? ????????????????
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36? ????,???????
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,????d?
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- ?????????,??????????????????????????103?104??????,
???????????????????????????,????????????? - Ia ??????????,????????????????????????????????????
1.4?????,??????????????????,???50????????????????1
.4?????,??Ia????????????????,????????,???????
37? ??????????????????????
http//www2.enel.ucalgary.ca/People/ciubotar/publi
c_html/Starsevol/totalvel.gif
- ?????????,?????????,????????????? d?/dt vtang/d
??,??d????????? - ???????? d ,?????????
- ????????????
- vtot2 vtang2 vr2.
38? ?????????????,?????????????
?
???? ????????????????????http//www.roe.ac.uk/pm
w/RVorbit.htm ??? Applet?
39? ??????????(????) ?
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M?????????????,????????
40???????????????
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???? ???,????????A?????????,????????????????
SO-20 ,????,?? 1500 AU,?? 30
?,??????????????15003/302 400??????? ??SO-2
?????,?370? 150???????????120
AU?????????????????????????? ?? 1.
???????????????? ,?????????? 2.
???A?????????? 3. ???????????,???????????????????
??
SkyTelescope, April 03, p.49
41? ??????????,??????????
http//antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap031102.html
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- ???(??)?????????????????????????????,??????????
- ????(?????)???????????,??????????????????,??????,?
?????????????(??????)? - ?????(????)????????? a ???????,???
t,???????????,??????? ?observe ?emit anow /
a(t)?
42???????????
? ????????????????137??,???????????(CMB)????????
???? ????????????????? v ????,?????????? d
?????? d/v 1/H ,????????,???140?????,????????,??
v ??????????????????????????,?????? ??
20??90??,?????????Ia???????,???????,??????????????
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43? ?????,???????
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44? ????????
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,?????????
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,????????????????,????????
45? ???????137??,???????????465?????
? ?????????????,??????????????????
http//atlasoftheuniverse.com/expansion.gif
???? ??????????????????????????,??????????????,?
?????137?????? ????????,?????????????????????????
???????????????????,? http//atlasoftheuniverse.co
m/redshift.html ?
46?? d gt c/H,??????????
? ?????? d gt c/H, v Hd gt c???,???????????,?????
?????????,????????????
???? ?????????14000Mpc, c/H 4000Mpc
,??????,???????????????
47????????????
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- ????
- ??????????,??????????????????????4 ? 22
?????74 ????? - ?????????,?????
- ???????????????,???????????????????????????????
- ??????????????????,???????????(WIMP)?????????????
?????? - ?????????
- ???????????,?????
- ??????????/??,?????
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48? ??/??????????
? ?????
??
??
??????
BoA Amazing Kiss ?????
49????????????????
?
alex.choy_at_ mensa.org.hk
50? ????????????????
????? 1. ????????????????,???????????????????????
,??,???????????????????,????????? 2.
????????????,?????????????,??????????????????,????
??????????????,???????????????,???????????????????
3. ??????????????????,????????,?????????????????
????????,????????,?????,????????????????? 4.
?????????,??????????????,???????????????????,?????
?? 5. ????,?????????,????????
51???????????????
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???????????????????????,??????????????????????,???
???????????,??????,??????
?????????????,??????? ????????????,?????,??????
??????????????,????????/??/?? ????????
(?????????????????) ???????GOTO?????,??????,????
???,????????GOTO??????????????????????????? ???
????????(Dobsonian)????,?????????,?????????????
????????
52?
?????????????????????????????????????????????
,???????????????????,?????????????????????????????
?,??????????????? ????????,????,?????????????????
???????????! ????????????????? ???????? (CCD)
??,?????????????,??????????????,??????????????CCD
/CMOS?????,????????,????????,?????????????????,???
????????????,?????????????? ???,?????????????????
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53(No Transcript)
54(No Transcript)
55???????????????
??????
- ??????????????????????????????
- ????? ??????????????????????,??????????,?????????
????????,?????????????????(????)? - ???????,?????? http//www.physics.hku.hk/nature/
- J. M. Pasachoff, Astronomy From the Earth to the
Universe (1998). - E. Chaisson and S. McMillan, Astronomy Today
(2005). - M. A. Hoskin, Cambridge Illustrated History of
Astronomy (2000). - ??? ? ??? , ?? (2000).
- ??? , ??????? (2003).
- ???????????? (2000).
- Stephen Hawking's Universe, PBS Home Video.
(1997) . - Cosmos Carl Sagan , Cosmos Studio. (1980).
- October Sky, Universal Studios. (1999).
56?????????????????
- ??????
- ?????? www.stellarium.org ?????????,????,???????
- phet.colorado.edu????????????,????????????????
- chemistry.beloit.edu/Stars/pages/heated.html??????
??????? - ????????(???DVD 1 ??????,??? )??????????,????????
,?????
57- ?
- ??????????????????????????????50???????
- ??( BBC )(???1 ?????,??? )??????????????
- ???????????????????,? ???13? ?2001?????
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