The Cold War 1945-1991

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The Cold War 1945-1991
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What was the Cold War?

• Cold War was a time of conflict between the
  United States and the Soviet Union
• It was called Cold because there was no actual
  battles between the two superpowers.

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What's the Beef?
Communism vs. Capitalism
Arms Race
Space Race
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• Discussed Germanys terms of surrender
• Split Germany into 4 zones
• Discussed war trials

YALTA (in the USSR) Date Feb 1945 Present
Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin
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• Finalized plans from Yalta conference
• Transferred power to Allied Power generals

POTSDAM (Germany) Date July 1945 Present
Churchill, Truman and Stalin
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Iron Curtain
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Iron Curtain A term used by Winston Churchill
to describe the separating of Those
communist lands of East Europe from the West.
Divided Germany
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Improve your knowledge
Divided Berlin

• The Russians took very high casualties to capture
  Berlin in May 1945. They spent the early
  occupation trying to take over all zones of the
  city but were stopped by German democrats such as
  Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the
  Russians had to admit the Americans, French and
  British to their respective zones.

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Berlin Wall

• Divided East and West Berlin
• Became a symbol of the Cold War

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US Foreign Policy
Provided aid to help rebuild Europe
Containment The Policy of preventing The spread
of communism
Helped struggling nations like Greece and Turkey
that are threatened by communist expansion
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
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What were the Soviets doing?
The Same Thing!!!!
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• Berlin Blockade
• Stalin blocked off all roads, railways and rivers
  connecting Berlin and West Germany

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Berlin Airlift!!!

• Over 5,000 supplies
• Were carried into West
• Berlin.
• Lasted almost a year
• May 1949, Stalin
• lifted the blockade

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Communist China

• 1949 Mao Zedong set up the
• Peoples Republic of China
• Between China and Soviet Union, almost ¼ of
  Earths surface was communist

Deadliest dictator in history
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1949 Soviets test their own atomic weapon
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Cold War Alliances

• Warsaw Pact

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)

• Alliance with the Soviet Union
• Promote and spread the ideals of communism

• Alliance with the United States
• Prevent the spread of communism and spread ideals
  of democracy

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Korean War

• After WWII, Korea is divided at the 38th parallel
• North Korea controlled by Communist government

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• June 1950, North Koreans cross the 38th parallel.
• Truman asks UN to step in
• U.N. troops (made up of 90 Americans)
• defend South Korea
• Under General MacArthur, UN able to push North
  Koreans backbut is this enough?

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• MacArthur wanted to punish North Koreans for
  their aggression and pushed troops up through
  North Korea.
• Who is this going to upset?

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Truman vs. MacArthur
Commander In Chief!!!

• MacArthur wanted to invade China
• Truman feared this would start another World war
• MacArthur spoke out against Truman and is later
  fired
• What role of the President allows this?

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Cease Fire

• Under President Eisenhower a cease-fire was
  signed in July 1953.
• 54,000 Americans die
• Billions of Dollars spent
• North and South Korea would remain divided at
  38th parallel

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THE COST IN HUMAN LIFE
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US North Korean Relations

• North Korea still remains threat today
• April 13th, 2012 Rocket launch deemed a huge
  failure for new dictator Kim Jong-un
• Has one of the worlds largest standing armies,
  but relies on outside sources to feed its people
• 2010 North Korea shelled a South Korean island,
  killing civilians
• DMZ considered Scariest place on Earth but
  still attracts approximately 6.5 million tourists
  a year

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Kim Jong II

• Fashion Icon or raging lunatic?

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Korean War Memorial

• The memorial includes 19 various statues that are
  over 7 feet tall.
• These statues commemorate the branches of the
  military and include the Army, Navy, Air Force,
  and Marines.
• They also include most ethnicities such as
  African American, Caucasian, Native American,
  Hispanic, and Asian.
• The southern area of the memorial is lined with
  rows of Rose of Sharon hibiscus plants because
  this is the national flower of South Korea.
• Representing the difficult terrain that the
  soldiers encountered are the juniper bushes and
  representing the many obstacles that the soldiers
  had to conquer are the granite stripes.

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Struggle over Countries

• US and Soviet Union struggled over nations of
  Africa, Asia and Latin America
• Both the Soviets and the US gave aid to these
  nations, hoping to influence them

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Philippines

• Philippines granted independence on July 4, 1946
• Communist rebels attempted to gain power, but
  were defeated
• In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos became President

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India and Southeast Asia

• In 1947, India gained independence from Britain
• India divided into two nations India and
  Pakistan
• Pakistan became an ally of the US
• India remained neutral but accepted money from
  both superpowers

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African Nations

• More than 30 nations gained independence in the
  50s and 60s
• US and Soviet Union competed for allies,
  providing economic and military support
• Superpowers fueled many civil wars in Africa

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Latin America

• Throughout the Cold War, American Presidents
  supported dictators because they were
  anti-communist
• Latin America were angry with the US for using
  the Big Stick Policy

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Domino Theory

• The idea that if one country in Southeast Asia
  falls to communism, neighboring nations will too.