Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Ions

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Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Ions

• Atom
• basic building block of all matter

• Element
• Substance that consists of only one type of atom.

• Compound
• substance that consists of more than one type of
• element.

• Ion
• substance that has a positive or negative charge

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Atoms
Atoms have

• A nucleus
• small, heavy part of the atom

• An electron cloud
• large, lightweight part of the atom

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Nucleus of an Atom

• Nucleus contains

• Protons

• Have a positive charge
• All atoms are distinguished by
• the number of protons it
• has (atomic number)

N

• Neutrons

• Have no charge
• Have same mass as protons

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Electron Cloud of an Atom

• An electron cloud contains
• Electrons

• have a negative charge

• are contained within shells of the electron cloud

• orbit the nucleus of the atom

• have a very small mass compared to protons and
  neutrons

• determine bonding properties of substance

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Atom Structure
-1
1
1
-1
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Elements
Elements contain one or more of the same type of
atom!
Examples include
Oxygen 8 protons per atom
Copper 29 protons per atom
Gold 79 protons per atom
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Compounds
Compounds contain more than one type of atom!
Example of organic compound (a compound with
carbon atoms)
Example of inorganic compound (a compound with no
carbon atoms)
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-

IONS
An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a
positive or negative charge!!

• A particle with a neutral charge has the same
  number of
• protons and electrons.

• An ion does not have the same number of
  electrons and protons.

• Examples of ions

• He - A helium atom that is missing one
  electron.
• The atom has one more proton than
  electron,
• and must have a positive charge.

• CO32- - Carbonate has two more electrons than
  protons

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Element Guide
10
Element Guide
2
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Element Guide
2
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Element Guide
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the
atomic number)
2
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Element Guide
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the
atomic number)
2
He
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Element Guide
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the
atomic number)
2
He
15
Element Guide
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the
atomic number)
2
He
Explains name of the element.
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Element Guide
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the
atomic number)
2
He
Explains name of the element.
4
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Element Guide
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the
atomic number)
2
He
Explains name of the element.
4
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Element Guide
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the
atomic number)
2
He
Explains name of the element.
4
Explains the total atomic weight-The number of
protons PLUS the number of neutrons.
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Element Guide
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the
atomic number)
2
He
Explains name of the element.
4
Explains the total atomic weight-The number of
protons PLUS the number of neutrons.