Live Sound Analog Mixing Console

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Live Sound Analog Mixing Console
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Live Sound Analog Mixing Consoles

• Come in many different sizes and configurations
  for different applications
• The most common live sound consoles, range
  between 8 and 52 input channels
• 8 Ch
• 12 Ch
• 16 Ch
• 24 Ch
• 32 Ch
• 48 Ch
• 52 Ch
• And vary in number and types of outputs
• Consoles are sometimes described by the number of
  Channels, Groups, and Master outputs they have
• 24 X 8 X 2 (24 Input Channels, 8 Groups and
  Stereo out)
• 16 X 4 X 2
• 32 X 8 X 2

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Live Sound Analog Mixing Console

• All consoles consist of an Input section, master
  section and a group output section
• All consoles basically work the same however some
  have additional features built in to make it more
  powerful and to make our job easier

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Input Section

• Generally once youve learned the different
  controls of one input channel youve learned all
  the input channels

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Common Inputs Connections

• Connections are usually physically inline with
  the channel strip on the rear panel or they can
  be on the top panel of the console
• Mic In XLR
• Line In ¼ Balanced
• Insert INS ¼ Balanced
• Direct Out

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Input Strip Controls

• 48 Switch (Phantom Power) For Powering Condenser
  mics and Active Dis
• Polarity or Phase Reverse Switch ( Zero with
  Slash ) Flips the Phase 180 degrees
• Pad Switch (Attenuates input signal by a preset
  amount)
• Gain pot (Mic Pre Amp) Sets input level to
  obtain optimal gain
• HPF Switch ( Preset High Pass Filter 75hz 100hz
  )

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EQ Section

• 3 Different EQ types
• Fixed EQ ( Frequencies are fixed at the factory )
• Semi Parametric or Sweep Eq
• Parametric

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Fixed EQ

• You can boost or cut two or three factory set
  fixed frequencies
• Usually High shelving Mid peaking dipping, Low
  Shelving
• 10 12khz
• 2.5 Khz
• 80 100Hz

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Semi Parametric EQ

• 1 or 2 Sweepable Mids
• Preset Bandwidth or Q
• High Shelving
• Low Shelving

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Fully Parametric EQ

• Adjustable Bandwidth or Q on all frequency ranges

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EQ in SWITCH

• EQ Circuit In
• EQ Circuit Out

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Auxiliary Sends

• The Auxiliary send routes a split of the incoming
  signal to an auxiliary bus which can then be used
  with external devices or used as auxiliary mixes
• Auxiliary sends can either be pre-fader or
  post-fader
• Pre fader for use as monitor sends
• Post Fader for effect sends
• Can be use for a separate mix ( Press Feed,
  Videographers, Recording, separate speaker system
  )

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Pan

• Panorama
• Mono input channels can be faded between left and
  right main outs and odd and even numbered groups

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Mute

• Turns channel off post fader
• Pre or Post Auxiliary depending on the console

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PFL / Solo

• Pre Fader Listen
• Pre Fader Level
• Sends Input Channel Level to the Master Meter and
  to the headphone Jack
• Listen wedge when mixing monitors

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Fader Section

• Master / Group Assign switches, assigns the
  channel to a particular group or to the stereo
  master
• Input Level Meter Shows input level pre fader at
  all times

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SubGroups

• The inputs are combined on a bus as a submix, the
  group of channels are then added to the main
  stereo master
• many drum mics could be grouped into a bus, and
  then the level of drums in the final mix can be
  controlled with one bus fader
• Can be use as additional outputs ( Group Outs )
• Can be used as mono or stereo outputs

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Master Section

• Subgroup and main output fader controls are often
  found together on the right hand side of the
  mixer or, on larger consoles, in a center section
  flanked by banks of input channels.
• Matrix routing is often contained in this master
  section, as are headphone and local loudspeaker
  monitoring controls.
• Aux returns are found in the master section
• Aux Masters are also found in the master section

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VCA

• Voltage Controlled Amplifier
• Only found on Higher End Consoles
• Master controller of input channel faders
• All functions of the channel fader remain
  constant
• No degradation of audio quality

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Matrix

• A separate mix of the subgroups and stereo mixes
  sent to a mono out
• Used for camera Feeds, Recording, fills, delayed
  speakers etc.

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General Mixing Tips

• Unity Gain is God when operating mixers
• Run at Zero on all inputs and outputs for best
  signal to noise ratio
• Maintain unity gain during event
• When adjusting channel input gain keep in mind
  those adjustments will affect all routing and
  sends
• Dont Spill your Beer on the board!