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CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR MAINSTREAMING
DISABILITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
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Contents

• Convention Cuts Across All Sectors
• - And Implies Thus Mainstreaming
• Case Finland Policy and Practice
• Good Practice Examples by Partners
• Lessons (to be) Learned

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The Convention - Some Obsevations

• Away from the charity, welfare or simple
  protection models to the Rights-Based Model
• Human Rights are indivisible disability becomes
  a cross-cutting, systemic, societal policy issue
• This implies mainstreaming disability in all
  sectors
• Non-discrimination resonable accommodation
• Design-for-All (Universal Design)
• Participation evolves toward the right to be
  involved
• From voluntary action to be guided by a legally
  binding instrument
• Reporting obligation creates a need for
  systematic monitoring

4
New Development Cooperation Policy of Finland
2007, Some Highlights

• Eradication of poverty through economically,
  socially and ecologically sustainable
  development
• Comprehensive approach to development join
  global interests and need for development
  partnership
• Cross-cutting themes gender social equality
  rights and equal opportunties of easily excluded
  groups incl. people with disabilities HIV/AIDS
  as a health and societal challenge
• Development partnerships between public and
  private sectors

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Finnish 3-track Disability and Development
Policy (2004)

• Mainstream disability in all sectors and
  accommodate people with disabilities on basis of
  the equal universal Human Rights approach
• Complement universal provisions with targeted,
  additional support and services to equalize
  access and opportunities for people with
  disabilities
• Empower people with disabilities collectively to
  help them have a stronger voice (support DPOs)
• Coherence in the perspectives
• Communiques of Nordic Countries Ministers for
  Development Cooperation 2000 and 2005
• Label us Able - A Proactive Evaluation of Finnish
  Disability Development Cooperation from
  Disability Perspective (2003)
• Finnish Government Report on Disability (2006)
  all sectors responsible
• EU-positions and forthcoming guideline manual on
  mainstreaming

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Disability - Specific ODA Activities

• Of the bilateral Finnish Official Development
  Assistance (ODA) 5 goes for disability-specific
  activities
• Channeled mainly through NGOs/DPOs (75)
• Disability projects by NGOs/DPOs require only
  7.5 own funding (others 15)
• But Disability-specific activities are not
  mainstreaming
• Goverment Evaluation Unit audit concerning the
  cross-cutting themes is ongoing
• ? What is the responsibility of the states for
  mainstreaming, can it be outsourced?

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Examples of Mainstreaming

• Long history support to the UN in 1990s resulted
  in the Manual on Inclusive Planning
• Support to the Word Bank to include disability
  aspects to PRSP sector analyses (expetise and
  trust funds)
• Sector-specific mainstreaming inclusive
  education initiatives (e.g Ethiopia, South
  Africa, the Balkans)
• EFA (Education for All) flagship for inclusive
  education secretariat at the Univ. of Jyväskylä
• Global Partnership on Disability and Develoment
  (GPDD, with Italy, Norway and the World Bank)
• Disability component in the training at the
  Ministry
• Use of DPOs as contracted expert bodies in
  project appraisal - nothing about us without us

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Examples of Good Practices by Partners

• Working on Disability in Country Programmes. A
  DFID practice paper (Department for International
  Cooperation, UK, 2007)
• Making Povery Reduction Strategies (PRSP)
  Inclusive - handbook and field projects by
  Handicap International (HI) and
  Christoffel-Blindenmission (CBM) in partnership
  with World Bank, GTZ/Germany, the Secretariat of
  the African Decade of Disabled Persons and the
  GPDD
• Ethiopian CBR - Network of 39 organizations,
  covering 50 of the country (CBR Community Based
  Rehabilitation)
• World Bank Social Analysis and Disability A
  Guidance Note
• Incorporating Disability-Inclusive Development
  into Bank-Supported Projects

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Lessons (to be) Learned

• A Society for All - Disabled people as
  beneficiaries
• - and as contributing agents of action
• Two -or three- tracks mainstreaming
  complementary targeted support collective
  empowerment
• - for strengthen the voice of People with
  Disabilities
• Tools for inclusive planning and budgeting needed
  
• - and many do exist
• Awareness raising and sensitization needed in all
  agencies
• Including disability is itself a good practice of
  good policy, good governance, good planning and
  good implementation
• Partnerships are challenging but necessary - old
  business as usual is not the option

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Conclusion

• Disability issues should be handled within the
  context of the main policy, plan, operation and
  organization of each sector - not as an after
  thought or an add-on
• and budgeted as part of normal and necessary
  costs required for acceptable quality of outcomes
  from the perspectives of human development,
  social sustainability, equity, accessibility and
  economic cost-effectiveness
• A society fit for disabled people is a good
  society for all. (The Manual on Inclusive
  Planning)

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Comprehensive Social Policies for Development in
a Globalizing World

Wiman, Voipio Ylönen (eds 2007)
There are people with disabilities in all target
groups
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Reference Material (1)

• Convention (ICPRD) implementation toolkit by DPI
  lthttp//www.icrpd.net/implementation/en/index.htm
  gt
• Label us Able. Evaluation of Finnish Development
  Cooperation from the Disability Perspective. Min.
  for Foreign Affairs, 2003 lthttp//formin.finland.f
  i/public/download.aspx?ID13528GUIDC2043295-F12
  1-4ED1-984D-B394F821C13Dgt
• Wiman, R, Voipio, T, Ylönen, M (2007)
  Comprhensive Social Policies for Development in a
  Globalizing World. Ministry for Foreign Affairs.
  Finland lthttp//info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/comprehensiv
  e/index.htmgt

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Reference Material (2)

• Working on Disability in Country Programmes.
  DFID How to Note (2007) lthttp//www.dfid.gov.uk/p
  ubs/files/DisguideDFID.pdfgt by HI and CBM (2007)
• Making PRSP Inclusive.by HI and CBM (2007)
• lthttp//www.handicap-international.de/images/pdfs
  _multimedia/prsp_manual_eng_1.pdfgt
• Wiman, R (ed) Disability Dimension in
  Development Action. Manual on Inclusive Planning.
  STAKES for the UN (1997, 2000, 2003)
  lthttp//www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/publications/
  FF-DisalibilityDim0103_b1.pdfgt

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Contact Details

• Ronald Wiman
• Senior Social Development Advisor
• KEO-12/ Department for Development Policy
• Ministry for Foreign Affairs
• Katajanokanlaituri 3
• P.O.Box 176 FIN-00161 Helsinki, Finland
• Tel [phone] GSM 358-40-556 4812
• e-mail Ronald.Wiman_at_formin.fi
• Disability and Development site
• http//info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/index.htm
• GPDD- Site on Disability and Poverty Reduction
• http//info.stakes.fi/ssd/EN/disabilityandpoverty
  /index.htm