ECONOMICS

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ECONOMICS CLASS-IX
lesson -1 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR
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lesson -1 THE STORY OF VILLAGE PALAMPUR
ORGANISATION OF PRODUCTION
THE STORY OF PALAMPUR, AN IMAGINARY VILLAGE, IS
TO INTRODUCE SOME BASIC CONCEPTS RELATING TO THE
PRODUCTION AND OTHER MAIN ACTIVITIES. THE AIM OF
PRODUCTION IS TO PRODUCE THE GOODS AND SERVICES
THAT WE WANT. THERE ARE FOUR FACTORS OF
PRODUCTION LAND, LABOUR, CAPITAL AND
ORGANISATION.
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LAND THE FIRST REQUIREMENT IS LAND AND OTHER
NATURAL RESOURSES ARE WATER, FORESTS, MINERALS
etc. LABOURLABOUR IS THE WORKING FORCE. THEY
ARE OF 2 TYPES. SKILLED WORKERS AND MANUAL
LABOURERS. PHYSICAL CAPITAL TOOLS,
MACHINES,BUILDINGS etc ARE CONSIDERED AS FIXED
CAPITAL. RAW MATERIALS AND MONEY IN HAND ARE THE
WORKING CAPITAL. THE FORTH REQUIREMENT IS THE
HUMAN CAPITAL. EVERY PRODUCTION IS ORGANISED BY
COMBINING LAND, LABOUR, PHYSICAL CAPITALAND HUMAN
CAPITAL WHICH ARE KNOWN AS FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.
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WHEAT
FARMING IN PALAMPUR

• LAND AREA UNDER CULTIVATION IS FIXED
• FARMING IS THE THE MAIN ACTIVITY.
• 75 OF THE PEOPLE ARE ENGAGED
• IN THAT ACTIVITY.
• AFTER 1960, THER WAS NO EXPANSION OF LAND .
• NO FURTHER SCOPE TO INCREASE
• THE FARM PRODUCTION.

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farming activities
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CAN WE GROW MORE FROM THE SAME LAND?
NO LAND IS LEFT IDLE IN PALAMPUR. ALL LAND IS
BROUGHT UNDER CULTIVATION. .DURING THE RAINY
SEASON FARMERS GROW JOWAR AND BAJRA. DURING
OCTOBER AND DECEMBER THEY CULTIVATE POTATO. IN
THE WINTER SEASON WHEAT IS THE MAIN CROP. THE
SURPLUS WHEAT PRODUCED WILL BE SOLD IN THE MARKET
RAIGANJ. SUGARCANE IS ALSO CULTIVATED ONCE IN A
YEAR. THE WELL DEVELOPED SYSTEM OF IRRIGATION
( ELECTRIC RUN TUBE WELLS) IS HELPING THEM TO
GROW THREE CROPS IN A YEAR.
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ONE WAY OF INCREASING PRODUCTION FROM THE SAME
LAND IS MULTIPLE CROPPING. THE OTHER WAY S TO
USE MODERN FARMING METHODS. TRADITIONAL YIELDS
REQUIRES LESS IRRIGATION. THE USE OF HYVS
ENSURE BETTER PRODUCTION AND REQUIRE SMORE AMOUNT
OF WATER AND CHEMICAL FERTILISERS. FARMERS ARE
USING TUBE WELLS FOR IRRIGATION , FARM
MECHINERIES LIKE TRACTORS, THRESHERS ETC.
YIELD OF WHEAT (EARLIER) 1300 KGS PER HECTRE.
NOW 3200 KG.PER HECTRE.
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? QUIZ ZONE.....
1. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MULTIPLE
CROPPING AND MODREN FARMING METHODS? 2. WHAT
KIND OF FARMING METHODS DO THE FARMERS FOLLOW IN
YOUR REGION?
WHEAT FIELDS
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WILL THE LAND SUSTAIN? THE OVER USE OF SOIL LEADS
TO LESS SOIL FERTILITY.MORE USE OF GROUND WATER
HAS REDUCING THE WATER- TABLE. ONCE DESTROYED ,
IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO RESTORE THEM.
PRODUCTION OF PULSES AND WHEAT.
year Production of pulses Production of wheat
1965-66 10 10
1970-71 12 24
1980-81 11 36
1990-91 14 55
2000-01 11 70
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HOW IS LAND DISTRIBUTED BETWEEN THE FARMERS OF
PALAMPUR.
IN PALAMPUR ONE THIRD OF THE 450 FAMILIES ARE
LAND LESS.( 150). OF THE REMAINING FAMILIES WHO
OWN LAND, 240 FAMILIES CULTIVATE SMALL PLOTS.(
LESS THAN 2 ACRES). LARGE NUMBER OF SMALL PLOTS
ARE SCATTERED AROUND THE VILLAGE . THESE ARE
CULTIVATED BY SMALL FARMERS. 60 FAMILIES ARE OF
MEDIUM AND LARGE FARMERS CULTIVATE MORE THAN 2
ACRES. A FEW LARGE FARMERS HAVE OVER 10 HECTRES
OR MORE.
LETS DISCUSS WHY FARMERS
CULTIVATE SMALL PICE OF LAND?
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A VILLAGE SCENE
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A SCENE FROM PALAMPUR
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LETS DISCUSS WOULD YOU AGREE THAT THE
DISTRIBUTION OF CULTIVATED LAND IS UNEQUAL IN
PALAMPUR?
WHO WILL PROVIDE THE LABOUR?
LABOUR IS VERY NECESSARY IN PRODUCTION. FARMING
REQUIRES BIG DEAL OF HARD WORK. SMALL FARMERS
WORK ALONG WITH THEIR FAMILIES. MEDIUM AND LARGE
FARMERS HIRE FARM LABOURERS TO WORK ON DAILY
BASIS. LABOURERS DO NOT HAVE A RIGHT OVER THE
CROPS GROWN. THEY ARE PAID WAGES IN CASH OR IN
KIND. WAGES VARY WIDELY TO REGIONS. DURATION OF
EMPLYMENT IS ALSO VARIES.
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6. THE CAPITAL NEEDED IN FARMING.
ALL FARMING METHODS REQUIRE AGREAT DEAL
OF CAPITAL. SO THE FARMER NEEDS MORE MONEY.
THEY WILL BORROW MONEY FROM MONEY LENDERS. LATER
THEY ARE PUT TO GREAT DISTRESS TO REPAY THE LOAN.
THE MEDIUM ANL LARGE FARMERS HAVE THEIR OWN
SAVINGS FROM FARMING. THEY ARE ABLE TO ARRANGE
THEIR CAPITAL.
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7. SALE OF SURPLUS FARM PRODUCTS.
Small farmers have little surplus wheat
because Their total production is small. So the
large and medium producers supply wheat to the
market and gets good earnings. This savings is
used for lending to small farmers as working
capital for Farming. Thus they will be buying
new tractors or other required things with the
surplus money.
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NON-FARMING ACTIVITIES

• ONLY 25 OF THE PEOPLE OF PALAMPUR ARE
• WORKING IN ACTIVITIES OTHER THAN AGRICULTURE.
• DAIRY _ FARMING IS A COMMON ACTIVITY OF MANY
  FAMILIES. THE SURPLUS MILK IS SOLD IN THE NEARBY
  MARKET OF RAIGANJ.
• 2. SAMLL SCALE MANUFACTURING LESS THAN FIFTY
  PEOPLE ARE ENGAGED IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
  THEY FOLLOW VERY SIMPLE PRODUCTION METHODS AND
  CARRIED OUT MOSTLY AT HOME WITH THE HELP OF
  FAMILY MEMBERS. RARELY ARE LABOURERS HIRED.

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3. SHOP KEEPERS
VERY LITTE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN EXCHANGE OF GOODS
IN PLAMPUR. THE TRADERS ARE SHOP KEEPERS WHO BUY
GOODS FROM ELSE WHERE. THEY SELL A VIDE RANGE OF
ITEMS.

• TRANSPORT
• A FAST DEVELOPING SECTOR

THERE ARE VARIETY OF VEHICLES ON THE ROAD
CONNECTING PALAMPUR TO RAIGANJ. RICKSAWS,
TONGAS, JEEP, TRACTOR, TRUCK ETC ARE USED BY
THE VILLAGERS. THEY FERRY PEPLE FROM ONE PLACE
TO ANOTHER.
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SUMMARY

• FARMING IS MAIN PRODUCTION ACTIVITY.
• MANY CHANGES IN FARMING ARE PRACTICED.
• THIS HELPED THEM TO PRODUCE MORE CROPS.
• THE LAND IS FIXED, BUT BUT THE PRESSURE IS MORE
• NEW FARMING NEED LESS LAND, BUT MORE CAPITAL.
• 80 OF THEM ARE SMALL FARMERS.
• THEY HAVE NO CAPITAL LESS PRODUCTION.
• THEY HAVETO DO ADDITIONAL WORKS TO FEED
  THEMSELVES.
• LABOUR IS ABUNDANT. BUT NOT FOLLOWING NEW METHODS
  OF FARMING.SO MIGRATING.
• NON FARM SECTOR IS NOT LARGE.
• THE CAPITAL FOR THAT IS NOT AVAIALABLE.

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SUMMARY
NON FARM SECTOR IS NOT VERY LARGE .
24 /100 ARE ONLY ENGAGED IN THAT.
LACK OF CAPITAL IS THE PROBLEM.
THEY ARE DEPENDING UPON MONEY LENDERS.
LACK OF MARKET IS ANOTHER LIMITATION FOR NON
FARMING ACTIITIES.
THEY ARE DEPENDING ON OTHER PLACES FOR MANY
ITEMS.
IF THE VILLAGE CAN BE CONNECTED TO TOWNS WITH
GOOD ROADS, TRANSPORT, TELEPHONE, IT I SPOSSIBLE
THAT THE PRODUCTON OF EVERY VILLAGE CAN BE
INCREASED.
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potato
Wheat fields

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sugarcane
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THANK YOU
prepared presented by Smt. Albina
Kujur T.G.T S.St K.V. No. 4 Korba