Anatomy and Physiology

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The Heart and Blood Vessels

• Anatomy and Physiology
• Chapters 20 and 21
• Rick L. Knowles
• Liberty Senior High School

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Blood flows through a network of blood vessels
that extend between the heart and peripheral
tissue
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Two Major Circuits

• Pulmonary circuit carries blood to from the
  gas exchange surfaces of the lungs
• Systemic circuit which transports blood to
  from the rest of the body

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Pulmonary Circuit
Systemic Circuit
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Blood Vessels

• Arteries efferent vessels carry blood away from
  the heart
• Veins afferent vessels return blood to the heart
• Capillaries exchange vessels thin walled vessels
  b/w arteries veins that permit exchange of
  gases, nutrients, waste products

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Blood Vessels
Arterioles
Venules
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
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What are the four major chambers of the heart?(2
associated with each circuit)
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The Hearts Position

• Lies slightly to the left of the midline
• Sits at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the
  body
• Rotated toward the left side

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The Heart is surrounded by

• Pericardial cavity in the mediastinum
• Contains thymus, esophagus, trachea

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Pericardium

• Visceral pericardium (epicardium) covers the
  heart
• Parietal pericardium lines the surface of
  pericardium

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Superficial Anatomy of Heart

• Anterior interventricular sulcus posterior
  interventricular sulcus marks boundary b/w the
  left right ventricles

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Superficial Anatomy of Heart

• Base Attached part great veins arteries
  connected to superiorly
• Apex Inferior point of the tip of heart

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Human Heart
Typical size 12.5 cm base to apex
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Superficial Anatomy of Heart

• Auricle (atrial appendages) expandable extension
  of an atrium
• Coronary sulcus groove b/w atria ventricle

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The Direction of Blood Flow Through the Heart
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Arteries

• Efferent vessels.
• Carry blood away from the heart toward the
  capillaries.
• Muscular walls make them elastic contractile.

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Arteries

• Elastic Arteries large vessels can be 2.5 cm in
  diameter
• Conducting arteries, Transport large volume of
  blood away from the heart ex pulmonary aortic
  trunk

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Arteries

• Muscular Arteries medium sized,
• Distribution arteries,distributes blood to the
  bodys skeletal muscles internal organs
• Ex femoral arteries

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Artery
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Coronary Artery
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Arteries

• Arterioles smallest of all arteries
• One cell thick surrounded by a layer of smooth
  muscle

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Arteriosclerosis
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Arteriosclerosis
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Show Me Plaque Formation
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Arteriosclerosis in Coronary Artery
Coronary Artery Disease
Normal Coronary Artery
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Aortic Aneurysm
Aorta
Renal Artery
Kidney
Aneurysm
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How do you treat coronary artery disease?
Answer Balloon Angioplasty
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Angioplasty and Stent
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What do you call an aneurysm in an artery of the
brain?

• A Stroke!
• Can we see an aneurysm before it bursts?
• Lennart Nilsson Picture

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Capillaries

• Exchange vessels
• Walls permit exchange between the blood the
  surrounding interstitial fluid
• Blood flows through capillaries relatively slow

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Capillaries

• Do not function as indiviual units but as part of
  an interconnected network called capillary bed
• One arteriole gives rise to dozens of capillaries
  that empty into venules

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Vein
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Veins

• Afferent vessels.
• Collect blood from all tissues organs and
  return it to the heart.
• Thinner than arteries.

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Veins

• Venules collect blood from capillary beds
• Smallest resemble expanded capillaries

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Veins

• Medium-Sized comparable to size of muscular
  arteries.
• Large Veins Include the superior inferior
  venae cavae all their tributaries.

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Both Medium Large Veins have

• Valves folds of connective tissue that project
  from the vessel wall point in the direction of
  blood flow
• Prevent backflow of blood toward the capillaries
• Blood flows in one direction

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Veins
Normal flow
Varicose Vein
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